Condition control yekugadzirwa kwefetereza, mukuita, kupindirana kwezvinhu zvemuviri uye zvipenyu mukugadzira compost.Kune rumwe rutivi, mamiriro ekutonga anodyidzana uye akarongeka.Kune rumwe rutivi, mitsara yakasiyana-siyana inosanganiswa pamwe chete, nekuda kwekusiyana kwezvisikwa uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuparadza velocity.
Kudzora unyoro
Unyoro chinhu chakakosha chinodiwa kuneorganic composting.Mukugadzira manyowa, hunyoro hwekutanga hwecompost hunoita 40% kusvika 70%, izvo zvinoita kuti kufambiswa zvakanaka kwecompost.Iyo yakanyanya kufanirwa mwando ndeye 60-70%.Hunyoro hwezvinhu hwakanyanya kana hushoma hunogona kukanganisa kuita kweaerobe kuitira kuti kudzora mwando kuitwe kusati kwavirisa.Kana hunyoro hwezvinhu huri pasi pe60%, tembiricha iri kukwira zvishoma nezvishoma uye dhigirii rekuora rakaderera.Kana mwando unopfuura 70%, kufefetedza kunovhariswa uye kuvirisa kweanaerobic kunogadzirwa, izvo zvisingakodzeri kufambira mberi kwekuvirisa.
Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti zvakafanira kuwedzera mwando weiyo mbishi inogona kusimudzira compost kukura uye kugadzikana.Hunyoro hunofanira kugara huri pa50-60% mukutanga kwecompost uye hunofanira kuchengetedzwa huri pa40% kusvika 50%.Hunyoro hunofanirwa kudzorwa pasi pe30% mushure mekuita manyowa.Kana hunyoro hwakakwirira, hunofanira kunge huri kuoma patembiricha ye80 ℃.
Kudzora tembiricha.
Icho mhedzisiro ye microbial chiitiko, iyo inosarudza kupindirana kwezvinhu.Kana tembiricha yekutanga yecompost iri 30 ~ 50 ℃, thermophilic microorganisms inogona kushatisa huwandu hukuru hweorganic uye kuora cellulose nekukurumidza munguva pfupi, zvichikurudzira kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemurwi.Iyo yakanyanya tembiricha i55 ~ 60 ℃.Kupisa kwepamusoro inzvimbo inodiwa yekuuraya utachiona, mazai ezvipembenene, mhodzi dzemasora nezvimwe zvinhu zvine chepfu uye zvinokuvadza.Pa55℃, 65℃ uye 70℃ tembiricha yakakwira kwemaawa mashoma inogona kuuraya zvinhu zvinokuvadza.Zvinowanzotora mavhiki maviri kusvika matatu pakudziya kwakajairika.
Takataura kuti hunyoro chinhu chinokanganisa kutonhora kwecompost.Kunyanya kunyorova kunoderedza tembiricha yecompost, uye kugadzirisa mwando kunobatsira pakukwira kwetembiricha padanho rekupedzisira rekuvirisa.Tembiricha inogona zvakare kudzikiswa nekuwedzera hunyoro.
Kupidigura murwi ndiyo imwe nzira yekudzora tembiricha.Nekutenderedza murwi, tembiricha yemurwi wemidziyo inogona kudzorwa zvakanaka, uye kubuda kwemvura uye mwero wekuyerera kwemhepo unogona kukurumidza.Thecompost turner muchinainzira inoshanda yekuziva kuvirisa kwenguva pfupi.Iine maitiro ekushanda nyore, mutengo unodhura uye kushanda kwakanakisisa.The compost turner muchinainogona kunyatso kudzora tembiricha uye nguva yekuvirisa.
C/N chiyero chekudzora.
Yakafanira C/N chiyero inogona kusimudzira kuvirisa kwakatsetseka.Kana chiyero cheC/N chakanyanya kukwirira, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwenitrogen uye kuganhurirwa kwenzvimbo inokura, kuderera kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinorarama kunononoka, zvichiita kuti compost cycle irebe.Kana chiyero cheC/N chakanyanya kuderera, kabhoni inogona kushandiswa zvizere, uye yakawandisa nitrogen inogona kurasika seammonia.Haisi kungokanganisa zvakatipoteredza, asiwo inoderedza kushanda kwenitrogen fertilizer.Microorganisms inoumba microbial protoplasm panguva yekuvirisa kweorganic.Protoplasm ine 50% kabhoni, 5% nitrogen uye 0. 25% phosphoric acid.Vatsvagiri vanoratidza chiyero chakakodzera cheC / N i20-30%.
Chiyero cheC/N che organic compost chinogona kugadziridzwa nekuwedzera yakakwirira C kana yakakwirira N zvinhu.Zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semashanga, sora, matavi nemashizha zvine fiber, lignin uye pectin.Nekuda kweiyo yakakwira kabhoni/nitrogen yemukati, inogona kushandiswa seyakakwira kabhoni yekuwedzera.Ndove yezvipfuyo nehuku yakakwira munitrogen uye inogona kushandiswa seyakanyanya nitrogen yekuwedzera.Semuenzaniso, chiyero chekushandiswa kweammonia nitrogen mumupfudze wenguruve kune ma microorganisms ndeye 80%, iyo inogona kubudirira kukurudzira kukura uye kubereka kwezvipembenene uye nekukurumidzira composting.
Themuchina mutsva we organic fertilizer granulationinokodzera nhanho iyi.Zvinowedzerwa zvinogona kuwedzerwa kune zvakasiyana zvinodiwa kana mbishi zvinhu zvinopinda muchina.
Air-kuyererauye kupa oxygen.
For thekuviriswa kwemupfudze, zvakakosha kuva nemhepo yakakwana uye oksijeni.Basa rayo guru nderokupa oxygen inodiwa yekukura kwe microorganisms.Iyo yakanyanya tembiricha uye nguva yekompositi inogona kudzorwa nekugadzirisa tembiricha yemurwi kuburikidza nemhepo nyowani inoyerera.Kuwedzera kuyerera kwemhepo kunogona kubvisa hunyoro uku uchichengetedza tembiricha yakakwana.Kufefetedza zvakanaka uye okisijeni kunogona kuderedza kurasikirwa kwenitrogen uye kugadzirwa kwemunhuwi kubva mucompost.
Kunyorova kwe organic fertilizer kune kukanganisa kwemhepo permeability, microbial chiitiko uye kushandiswa kweokisijeni.Ndicho chinhu chinokosha cheaerobic composting.Isu tinofanirwa kudzora hunyoro uye kufefetera zvinoenderana nehunhu hwezvinhu kuti tiwane kurongeka kwehunyoro uye oksijeni.Panguva imwecheteyo, ese ari maviri anogona kusimudzira kukura uye kuberekana kwema microorganisms uye optimize mamiriro ekuvirisa.
Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kweokisijeni kunowedzera zvakanyanya pasi pe60 ℃, inokura zvishoma nezvishoma pamusoro pe60 ℃, uye iri pedyo ne zero pamusoro pe70 ℃.Kufefetedza uye okisijeni kunofanirwa kugadziridzwa zvichienderana nekupisa kwakasiyana.
PH kutonga.
Iyo pH kukosha inokanganisa iyo yese yekuvirisa maitiro.Muchikamu chekutanga checompost, pH ichakanganisa basa rebhakitiriya.Semuenzaniso, pH = 6.0 ndiyo yakakosha mupfudze wenguruve nesawdust.Iyo inhibits kabhoni dhaibhorosi uye kupisa kugadzirwa papH <6.0.Pa pH> 6.0, carbon dioxide yayo uye kupisa zvinowedzera nokukurumidza.Muchikamu chekushisa chepamusoro, musanganiswa wepH yakakwirira uye tembiricha yepamusoro inokonzera ammonia volatilization.Utachiona hunoora kuita organic acids kuburikidza necompost, iyo inodzikisa pH kusvika pa5.0.Volatile organic acids inoputika sezvo tembiricha inokwira.Panguva imwecheteyo, kukukurwa kweammonia ne organic matter kunowedzera pH kukosha.Pakupedzisira, inodzikama pamwero wepamusoro.Huwandu hwecompost hwepamusoro hunogona kuwanikwa patembiricha yepamusoro yecompost ine pH values kubva pa7.5 kusvika 8.5.Iyo yakakwirira pH inogonawo kukonzera yakawandisa ammonia volatilization, saka pH inogona kuderedzwa nekuwedzera alum uye phosphoric acid.
Muchidimbu, hazvisi nyore kudzora zvinobudirira uye zvakakwanakuviriswa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa.Pachinhu chimwe chete, izvi zviri nyore.Zvisinei, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinopindirana uye zvinodzivisa mumwe nemumwe.Kuti uone kukwenenzverwa kwemamiriro ecompost, zvinodikanwa kubatira pamwe neimwe nzira.Kana mamiriro ekutonga akakodzera, kuvirisa kunogona kuenderera zvakanaka, nokudaro kuisa hwaro hwekugadzirwa kwehigh quality organic fertilizer.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-18-2021