Makemikari mafetiraiza ari kugadzirwa akagadzirwa kubva kune inorganic zvinhu, zvinhu zvinopa hutano hwezvirimwa kukura nenzira dzemuviri kana dzemakemikari.
Iyo Nutrients yeKemikari Fertilizer
Fetereza yemakemikari yakapfuma muzvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvinodiwa pakukura kwechirimwa.Mhando dzefotereza dziri mumhando huru.Mimwe mienzaniso yemafetiraiza emakemikari ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium chloride nezvimwe.
Chii chinonzi NPK Fertilizer?
☆Nitrogen fetereza
Midzi yemiti inogona kutora nitrogen fertilizer.Nitrogen ndiyo chikamu chikuru cheprotein (kusanganisira mamwe enzymes uye coenzyme), nucleic acid uye phospholipids.Izvo zvikamu zvakakosha zveprotoplasm, nucleus uye biofilm, iyo ine basa rinokosha mumiti yakakosha mabasa.Nitrogen inhengo yechlorophyll, saka ine hukama hwepedyo nephotosynthesis.Huwandu hwenitrogen huchakanganisa kupatsanurwa kwesero nekukura.Naizvozvo, kupihwa kwenitrogen fetiraiza kunodiwa zvakanyanya.Urea, ammonium nitrate uye ammonium sulfate inowanzoshandiswa mukurima.
☆Phosphatic fetereza
Phosphorus inogona kukurudzira kukura kwemidzi, maruva, mbeu uye michero.Phosphorus inotora chikamu mune dzakasiyana siyana metabolic maitiro.Phosphorus yakapfuma mune meristems, iyo ine mabasa ehupenyu anobereka zvakanyanya.Saka, kushandiswa kweP fetireza kune mhedzisiro yakanaka patiller, bazi uye kukura kwemidzi.Phosphorus inokurudzira kutendeuka uye kutakura macarbohydrates, zvichiita kuti mbeu, midzi uye machubhu kukura kukura.Inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya goho rezvirimwa.
☆Potassic fetereza
Potassic fetiraiza inoshandiswa mukukwidziridza tsinde kukura, kufamba kwemvura uye kukurudzira kutumbuka uye kubereka michero.Potassium (K) iri muchimiro cheion muzvirimwa, iyo inotarisana nezvikamu zvinobereka zvakanyanya muhupenyu hwechirimwa, senge nzvimbo inokura, cambium nemashizha, nezvimwe. Potassium inokurudzira kuumbwa kweprotein, inofambisa kutakura kweshuga uye inovimbisa masero. kutorwa kwemvura.
Benefits kubva kumakemikari fetiraiza
Fetereza yemakemikari inobatsira zvirimwa kukura
Iwo ane imwe kana yakawanda yeakakosha kukura chikafu senge nitrogen, phosphorus, uye potassium nezvimwe zvakasiyana.Kana ichinge yawedzerwa muvhu, kudya uku kunozadzisa zvinodiwa nezvirimwa uye kunovapa chikafu chavaishaya kana kuti chinovabatsira kuchengetedza chikafu chakarasika.Mafetereza emakemikari anopa maumbirwo chaiwo eNPK kuitira kurapa ivhu nezvirimwa zvisina kudya kunovaka muviri.
Mafetereza emakemikari ari kuchipa pane organic fetereza
Mafetereza emakemikari anowanzoita mari shoma pane organic fetereza.Kune rimwe divi, kuona kubva kune organic fetireza kugadzira maitiro.Hazvina kuoma kuona zvikonzero nei organic fetereza ichidhura: kudiwa kwekukohwa organic zvinhu zvekushandisa mumafetireza, uye mitengo yakakwira yekupihwa certification organic nemasangano anodzora ehurumende.
Nekune rimwe divi, mafetereza emakemikari anozove akachipa imhaka yekuti anotakura zvinovaka muviri pakirogiramu yehuremu, nepo mafetireza akawanda ari kudiwa pachiyero chakafanana chekudya.Munhu anoda mapondo akati wandei efotereza yepasi kuti ape mwero wakafanana wevhu rekudya kunopihwa nepondo imwe yefetereza yemakemikari.Izvo zvikonzero zviviri zvinopesvedzera zvakananga kushandiswa kwemakemikari fetiraiza uye organic fetiraiza.Mimwe mishumo inoratidza kuti musika weFetereza wekuUS ungangoita madhora Mabhirioni makumi mana ayo mafetiraiza anongotora madhora Mamirioni makumi matanhatu chete.Zvimwe zvacho ndiwo mugove wemafetireza ekugadzira akasiyana-siyana.
Kupa chikafu nekukurumidza
Kupihwa kwekudya nekukasira uye mitengo yakaderera yekutenga kwakawedzera kukurumbira inorganic fetereza.Mafetereza emakemikari ave chinhu chikuru mumapurazi mazhinji, mayadhi nemagadheni, uye anogona kuve chinhu chakakosha chehutano hwekuchengetedza lawn.Zvisinei, fetereza yemakemikari haikuvadzi ivhu nezvirimwa here?Hapana here zvinhu zvinoda kucherechedzwa pakushandiswa kwemafetereza emakemikari?Mhinduro zvachose ndeiyi NO!
Mamiriro Ezvakatipoteredza Pakushandisa Synthetic Fertilizer
Kusvibiswa kunzvimbo yemvura yepasi pevhu
Mamwe emakomisheni ekugadzira anoshandiswa kugadzira mafetiraiza emakemikari anogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa kwezvakatipoteredza kana achinge abvumirwa kutizira mumvura.Nitrogen inoyerera mumvura yepasi neminda yepurazi inoita 51% yezviitwa zvevanhu.Ammonia nitrogen uye nitrate ndiyo inonyanya kusvibisa munzizi nemadziva, izvo zvinotungamirira kune eutrophication uye kusvibiswa kwemvura pasi.
Kuparadza chimiro chevhu
●Nekushandiswa kwenguva refu uye kukuru kwefetereza yemakemikari, dzimwe nyaya dzenharaunda dzinozoonekwa, sekuti ivhu reacidification uye crust.Nekuda kwekushandisa huwandu hwe nitrogen fetiraiza, pachinzvimbo che organic fetiraiza, mamwe mapurazi anopisa ari muvhu rakasimba, zvichikonzera kuti pakupedzisira arasikirwe kukosha kwekurima.Mhedzisiro yefetereza yemakemikari pavhu yakakura uye haidzoreki.
●Kushandiswa kwenguva refu kwefetereza yemakemikari kunogona kuchinja ivhu pH, kuvhiringa utachiona hunobatsira, kuwedzera tupukanana, uye kutobatsira pakubuda kwemagasi egreenhouse.
●Mafotereza mazhinji akawanda ane acid yakawanda, izvo zvinobva zvawedzera acidity yevhu, zvoita kuti zvinhu zvipenyu zvinobatsira uye zvinokanganisa kukura kwembesa.Nekuvhiringidza iyi ecosystem yakasikwa, kushandiswa kwenguva refu kwefotereza yekugadzira kunogona kupedzisira kwakonzera kusaenzana kwemakemikari muzvirimwa zvinogamuchira.
●Kuisazve muvhu kunogona kukonzera muchetura wemakemikari akadai searsenic, cadmium, uye uranium.Aya makemikari ane chepfu anogona kupedzisira apinda mumichero nemiriwo yako.
Kuve neruzivo rwakakwana rwekushandiswa kwefetereza kunogona kudzivirira kutambisa kusingakoshi mukutenga fetereza uye kuwedzera goho rezvirimwa.
Kusarudza fetereza zvinoenderana nehunhu hwevhu
Usati watenga fetiraiza, zvinodikanwa kunyatsoziva ivhu pH.Kana ivhu rakasviba, tinogona kuwedzera kushandiswa kwe organic fertilizer, kuchengetedza kutonga kwe nitrogenous uye kuramba yakawanda ye phosphatic fetiraiza.
Kushandisa pamweorganic fetereza
Ndiro rinokosha rekushandisa mukurimaorganic feterezauye makemikari fetiraiza.Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti zvinobatsira kushanduka kwevhu.Nekushandiswa kwe organic manyowa uye makemikari mafetiraiza, ivhu organic zvinhu zviri kuvandudza uye kuchinjanisa kugona kweivhu cation kunovandudzwa, izvo zvinobatsira kuvandudza ivhu enzyme basa uye kuwedzera zvirimwa zvinovaka muviri.Inobatsira kuvandudza mhando yezvirimwa, kuwedzera chikamu chemukati cheprotein, amino acids uye zvimwe zvinovaka muviri, uye kuderedza nitrate uye nitrite zvirimo mumiriwo nemichero.
Kusarudza nzira yakanaka yekuberekesa
Mumaitiro ekuita feteraiza nemamiriro ekunze, nitrate yemuriwo nezvirimwa uye mhando dzenitrogen muvhu zvine hukama.iyo yakakwirira ye nitrogen muvhu, iyo yakakwira nitrate mumiriwo, kunyanya munguva yekupedzisira.Nokudaro, kushandiswa kwemakemikari fertilizer kunofanira kutanga uye kwete kuwanda.Nitrogenous fetireza haikodzeri kupararira, zvikasadaro zvichikonzera kuparara kana kurasikirwa.Nekuda kwekuderera kwekufamba, fotereza yephosphatic inofanirwa kunge iri munzvimbo yakadzika.
Makemikari mafetiraiza anoita nyasha huru muzvirimwa zvinokura, nepo zvakare zvine simba guru pane zvakatipoteredza.
Pane njodzi yekusvibiswa kwemvura yepasi uye nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza dzinounzwa nemakemikari fetereza.Iva nechokwadi chokuti unonzwisisa zviri kuitika panyika pasi petsoka dzako, kuitira kuti iwe ugoita sarudzo yako uchiziva.
Nheyo yekushandisa makemikari fetiraiza
Deredza huwandu hwefetereza yemakemikari isa uye sanganisa neorganic fetereza.Ita kuongororwa kwekudya zvinoenderana nemamiriro evhu renzvimbo uye isa fetereza zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-18-2021