Kuraswa kwechikafu kwave kuwedzera sezvo huwandu hwevanhu vari munyika hwawedzera uye maguta ari kukura.Mamirioni ematani ezvokudya anokandwa mumarara pasi rose gore negore.Inenge 30% yemichero yenyika, miriwo, zviyo, nyama uye zvikafu zvakaputirwa zvinoraswa gore rega rega.Kuraswa kwechikafu kwave dambudziko rakakura rezvakatipoteredza munyika dzese.Kuraswa kwechikafu kwakawanda kunokonzera kusvibiswa kwakakomba, kunokuvadza mweya, mvura, ivhu uye kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu.Kune rimwe divi, marara echikafu anopwanya anaerobicly kuburitsa magasi egreenhouse akadai semethane, kabhoni dhaikisaidhi uye kumwe kusvibiswa kunokuvadza.Kuraswa kwezvokudya kunobudisa matani akaenzana nemabhiriyoni 3,3 emagasi egreenhouse.Kuraswa kwechikafu, kune rumwe rutivi, kunokandwa munzvimbo dzinoraswa marara dzinotora nzvimbo huru dzevhu, dzichigadzira gasi remarara uye huruva inoyangarara.Kana iyo leachate inogadzirwa panguva yekuraswa ikasabatwa nemazvo, inokonzeresa kusvibiswa kwechipiri, kusvibiswa kwevhu uye kusvibiswa kwemvura yepasi.
Kupisa uye kuraswa kwemarara kune zvakakomba zvakanyanya, uyezve kushandiswa kwemarara echikafu kunobatsira mukuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuwedzera kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvinogoneka.
Magadzirwa sei tsvina yechikafu kuita organic fertilizer.
Zvibereko, miriwo, zvinogadzirwa nemukaka, zviyo, chingwa, mazambiringa ekofi, magoko emazai, nyama nemapepanhau zvese zvinogona kuiswa manyowa.Kuraswa kwechikafu chinhu chakasiyana chekugadzira manyowa inova tsime guru rezvinhu zvipenyu.Kuraswa kwechikafu kunosanganisira akasiyana makemikari zvinhu, senge starch, cellulose, protein lipids uye inorganic munyu, uye N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, K zvimwe trace elements.Tsvina yechikafu ine yakanaka biodegradable, inogona kusvika 85%.Iyo ine hunhu hwepamusoro organic yemukati, hunyoro hwepamusoro uye huwandu hwakawanda hwekudya, uye ine yakakwirira kudzokorora kukosha.Nekuti marara echikafu ane hunhu hwehunyoro hwehunyoro uye chimiro chemuviri wakaderera density, zvakakosha kusanganisa tsvina yechikafu neyakakura mumiriri, iyo inotora hunyoro hwakawandisa uye inowedzera chimiro kusanganisa.
Tsvina yechikafu ine huwandu hwakanyanya hwezvinhu zvipenyu, ine crude protein inotora 15% - 23%, mafuta 17% - 24%, zvicherwa 3% - 5%, Ca 54%, sodium chloride ye3% - 4%, etc.
Tekinoroji yekugadzira nemidziyo ine chekuita nekushandurwa kwemarara echikafu kuita organic fetereza.
Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti kuderera kwekushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvekurashira ivhu kunokonzera kusvibiswa kune zvakatipoteredza.Parizvino, dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira dzakagadzira nzira yakanaka yokurasa tsvina yezvokudya.MuGermany, semuenzaniso, marara echikafu anobatwa zvakanyanya kuburikidza necompost uye anaerobic fermentation, achigadzira anenge 5 miriyoni matani efotereza kubva mumarara echikafu gore rega rega.Nekuita manyowa emarara echikafu muUK, matani anosvika miriyoni makumi maviri ehutsi hweCO2 anogona kudzikiswa gore rega rega.Composting inoshandiswa munenge 95% yemaguta eUS.Composting inogona kuunza zvakasiyana siyana zvezvakatipoteredza, kusanganisira kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemvura, uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi akawanda.
♦ Kupera mvura mumuviri
Mvura ndicho chinhu chakakosha chemarara echikafu chinoverengerwa 70% -90%, inova hwaro hwekuparara kwekudya.Naizvozvo, kupera mvura mumuviri ndicho chikamu chakakosha mukugadzirisa marara echikafu kuita organic fetireza.
Chikafu chinorasa chikafu chisati chagadziriswa ndicho danho rekutanga mukurapa kwemarara echikafu.Inonyanya kusanganisira Dewatering Systemà Feeding Systemà Automatic Sorting Systemà Solid-Liquid separatorà Oil-Water Separatorà In-vessel composter.Iyo yakakosha kuyerera inogona kukamurwa mumatanho anotevera:
1. Marara echikafu anofanira kutanga apererwa nemvura nekuti ane mvura yakawandisa.
2. Kubviswa kwemarara kubva mumarara ezvokudya, zvakadai sesimbi, huni, mapurasitiki, mapepa, machira, nezvimwewo, kuburikidza nekugadzirisa.
3. Tsvina yechikafu inorongwa uye kudyiswa mu<em>screw type solid-liquid separator yekupwanya, kupera mvura mumuviri nekubvisa mafuta.
4. Zvokudya zvakasvinwa zvakasara zvakaomeswa uye zvakasvibiswa pakupisa kwepamusoro kuti zvibvise kunyorova uye zvakasiyana-siyana pathogenic microorganisms.Iko kunaka uye kuoma kwemarara echikafu anodiwa kuti compost ibudirire, uye tsvina yezvokudya inogona kutumirwa mu-mu-mudziyo composter zvakananga kuburikidza nebhandi conveyor.
5. Mvura inobviswa kubva mumarara ezvokudya isanganiswa yemafuta nemvura, inoparadzaniswa nemafuta-mvura separator.Mafuta akapatsanurwa anogadziriswa zvakadzika kuti awane biodiesel kana maindasitiri oiri.
Chikafu chese chekurasa tsvina chine zvakanakira kubuda kwakakwira, kushanda kwakachengeteka, mutengo wakaderera uye kutenderera kupfupi kwekugadzira.
♦ Kompositi
Fermentation tankimhando yetangi yakavharirwa zvizere inoshandisa tembiricha yekuvirisa aerobic, inotsiva tekinoroji yekuisa composting tekinoroji.Iyo yakavharwa yakanyanya tembiricha uye nekukurumidza composting process mutangi inoburitsa yakakwirira-mhando manyowa, ayo anogona kudzorwa zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya kugadzikana.
Mu-mudziyo composting inodzivirirwa, uye kutonga kwekushisa ndicho chinhu chakakosha panguva yekugadzira manyowa.Kukurumidza kuparara kweiyo organic zvinhu zviri nyore kuparara kunowanikwa nekuchengetedza yakakwana tembiricha yezvipukanana.Kuwana tembiricha yepamusoro yekusaita tupukanana tupukanana uye mhodzi yesora zvinodikanwa.Kuviriswa kunotangwa netupukanana tusingaoneki mumarara echikafu, vanopwanya zvinhu zvecompost, vachiburitsa zvinovaka muviri, vachiwedzera tembiricha kusvika pa60-70°C inodiwa kuuraya utachiona nembeu yesora, uye kusangana ne mitemo yekugadzirisa tsvina yeorganic.Mu-mudziyo composting ine inokurumidza kuora nguva, iyo inogona kuita manyowa ekudya tsvina mukati memazuva mana.Mushure memazuva 4-7 chete, manyowa anobviswa, asina kunhuhwirira, akacheneswa, uye akapfuma mune organic zvinhu, uye ine hutano hwakaenzana.
Iyi isina kunhuhwirira, aseptic organic fetiraiza inogadzirwa necompost haingochengetedzi ivhu rekuzadza kuchengetedza nharaunda, asi zvakare ichaunza humwe hupfumi.
♦ Granulation
Granular organic fertilizerkuita basa rakakosha mumazano ekupa fetereza pasi rose.Kiyi yekuvandudza goho organic fetereza kusarudza yakakodzera organic fetereza granulation muchina.Granulation inzira yekugadzira zvinhu kuita zvidimbu zvidiki, inosimudzira tekinoroji yemidziyo, kudzivirira kukaka uye kuwedzera kuyerera zvinhu, kuita kuti kugoneke kushandiswa kwezvishoma, kufambisa kurodha, kutakura, nezvimwe. Zvese zvigadzirwa zvinogona kuitwa zvakatenderedzwa organic fetireza. kuburikidza nemuchina wedu weorganic fertilizer granulation.Iyo yezvigadzirwa granulation rate inogona kusvika ku100%, uye iyo organic yemukati inogona kunge yakakwira kusvika 100%.
Pakurima kwakakura, saizi yezvidimbu yakakodzera kushandiswa kwemusika kwakakosha.Muchina wedu unogona kugadzira organic fetereza ine saizi yakasiyana, senge 0.5mm-1.3mm, 1.3mm-3mm, 2mm-5mm.Granulation ye organic fertilizerinopa dzimwe dzenzira dzinoshanda dzekubatanidza zvicherwa kuti ugadzire manyowa akawanda ezvikafu, kubvumira kuchengetedza uye kurongedza, pamwe nekupa nyore kubata nekushandisa.Granular organic fertilizer zviri nyore kushandisa, hazvina kunhuhwirira zvisingafadzi, mhodzi dzemasora, uye hutachiona, uye kuumbwa kwavo kunozivikanwa.Mukuenzanisa nemapfudze emhuka, ine 4.3 nguva yakawanda nitrogen (N), 4 nguva phosphorous (P2O5) uye yakawanda se8.2 nguva yakawanda potassium (K2O).Granular fertilizer inovandudza kushanda kwevhu nekuwedzera mazinga emuhumus, zviratidzo zvakawanda zvekugadzirwa kwevhu zvinovandudzwa: muviri, makemikari, microbiological ivhu uye hunyoro, mhepo, kutonga kwekupisa, uyewo goho rezvirimwa.
♦ Dry uye inotonhorera.
Rotary dhiramu kuomesa & kutonhora muchinaanowanzo shandiswa pamwechete panguva yekugadzira fetireza mutsara.Mvura yemvura ye organic fertilizer inobviswa, kutonhora kwegranules kunoderedzwa, kuzadzisa chinangwa che sterilization uye deodorization.Matanho maviri aya anogona kudzikisira kurasikirwa kwezvinovaka muviri mumagranules uye nekuvandudzwa kwesimba.
♦ Sieve uye pasuru.
Chirongwa chekuongorora ndechekupatsanura iwo asina kukodzera mafetireza egranular anopedzwa neverotary chigubhu chekuongorora muchina.Fetereza isingakodzeri yegranular inotumirwa kuzogadziriswa zvakare, ukuwo fetereza yemhando yepamusoro inozoiswa neotomatiki kurongedza muchina.
Batsirwa nefotereza yechikafu
Kushandura marara echikafu kuita fetireza yepasi kunogona kugadzira hupfumi uye kwezvakatipoteredza izvo zvinogona kuvandudza hutano hwevhu uye kubatsira kuderedza kukukurwa nekuvandudza kunaka kwemvura.Gasi rechisikigo rinovandudzwa uye biofuel zvinogonawo kugadzirwa kubva kumarara echikafu akadzokororwa, izvo zvinogona kubatsira kuderedzagreenhouse gasikubudiswa uye kuvimba nemafuta efossil.
Organic fertilizer ndicho chikafu chakanakisa chevhu.Icho chitubu chakanaka chekudya kwezvirimwa, kusanganisira nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uye micronutrients, izvo zvinodiwa pakukura kwemiti.Haikwanise chete kuderedza zvimwe zvipembenene zvezvirimwa uye zvirwere, asiwo kuderedza kudiwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzefungicides nemakemikari.Mafetireza emhando yepamusoroichashandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira zvekurima, mapurazi emunharaunda uye mukuratidzira kwemaruva munzvimbo dzevanhu, izvo zvichaunzawo pundutso dzakananga dzehupfumi kuvagadziri.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-18-2021