Condition control yekugadzirwa kwefetereza, mukuita, kupindirana kwezvinhu zvemuviri uye zvipenyu mukugadzira murwi wemacompost.Kune rumwe rutivi, mamiriro ekutonga anodyidzana uye akarongeka.Kune rumwe rutivi, mitsara yakasiyana-siyana inosanganiswa pamwe chete, nekuda kwekusiyana kwezvisikwa uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuparadza velocity.
●Kudzora unyoro
Hunyoro chinhu chakakosha chinodiwa paorganic composting.Mukugadzira manyowa, hunyoro hwekutanga hwecompost hunoita 40% kusvika 70%, kuitira kuti mupfudze ufambe zvakanaka.Iyo yakanyanya kufanirwa mwando ndeye 60-70%.Hunyoro hwezvinhu hwakanyanya kana hushoma hunogona kukanganisa aerobiotic microbial chiitiko kuitira kuti mutemo wemvura uitwe usati waviriswa.Kana hunyoro hwezvinhu huri pasi pe60%, kudziyisa kunononoka, tembiricha yakadzikira uye decomposition degree iri pasi.Hunyoro hunodarika 70%, hune mhedzisiro pamhepo, iyo inoumba muanaerobic fermentation, kunonoka kupisa uye kusaora kwakashata.
Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kuwedzera mvura mucompost murwi kunogona kukurumidzira kukura kwecompost uye kugadzikana mumutsara unoshanda zvakanyanya.Mvura inofanira kuramba iri 50-60%.Hunyoro hunofanira kuwedzerwa mushure mezvo huchichengetwa pa40% kusvika 50%, asi husingafaniri kunge huri kubuda.Hunyoro hunofanira kudzorwa pasi pe30% mune zvigadzirwa.Kana hunyoro hwakakwirira, hunofanira kunge huri kuoma patembiricha ye80 ℃.
●Kudzora tembiricha
Tembiricha ndiyo mhedzisiro ye microorganism chiitiko.Inotarisa kupindirana kwezvinhu.Patembiricha ye30 ~ 50 ℃ muchikamu chekutanga checompost murwi, mesophile chiitiko chinogona kuburitsa kupisa, zvichikurudzira kupisa kwecompost.Iyo yakanyanya tembiricha yaive 55 ~ 60 ℃.Thermophilic microorganisms inogona kukanganisa nhamba yakawanda yezvinhu zvehupenyu uye nekukurumidza kuputsa cellulose munguva pfupi.Kupisa kwepamusoro ndiyo mamiriro anodiwa ekuuraya tsvina ine chepfu, kusanganisira utachiona, mazai eparasite nemhodzi yesora, nezvimwewo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, zvinotora 2 ~ 3 mavhiki kuuraya tsvina ine ngozi pakupisa kwe55 ℃, 65 ℃ kwevhiki 1, kana 70 ℃ kwemaawa akati wandei.
Kunyorova ndicho chinhu chinokanganisa kudziya kwecompost.Kunyanya kunyorova kunogona kuderedza compost tembiricha.Kugadzirisa mwando kunoita kuti pave nekudziya pakupera kwecompost.Tembiricha inogona kudzikiswa nekuwedzera mwando, kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya mukuita compost.
Kompositi chimwe chinhu chekudzora tembiricha.Kompositi inokwanisa kudzora tembiricha yezvinhu uye kuwedzera kubuda, kumanikidza mweya kupinda nemurwi.Iyo inzira inoshanda yekudzikisa tembiricha reactor nekushandisacompost turner muchina.Iyo inoratidzirwa nekushanda nyore, mutengo wakaderera uye kushanda kwepamusoro.Kugadzirisa kuwanda kwecompost kunodzora tembiricha uye nguva yekushisa kwakanyanya.
●C/N chiyero chekudzora
Kana C/N reshiyo yakakodzera, composting inogona kugadzirwa zvakanaka.Kana chiyero cheC/N chakanyanya kukwira, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwenitrogen uye nharaunda yekukura ishoma, mwero wekuora kwemarara anononoka, zvichikonzera kuti mupfudze nguva yekugadzira manyowa.Kana chiyero cheC/N chakanyanya kuderera, kabhoni inogona kushandiswa zvizere, yakawandisa yenitrogen inorasikirwa mumhando dzeammonia.Haisi kungokanganisa zvakatipoteredza chete asiwo inoderedza kushanda kwenitrogen fertilizer.Microbes inoumba microbial protoplasm panguva yekugadzira manyowa.Pahuremu hwakaoma, protoplasm ine 50% kabhoni, 5% nitrogen uye 0. 25% phosphate.Nokudaro, vatsvakurudzi vanokurudzira kuti C/N yakakodzera yecompost i20-30%.
C/N chiyero che organic compost chinogona kugadziriswa nekuwedzera zvinhu zvine high carbon kana high nitrogen.Zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semashanga, sora, huni dzakafa nemashizha, zvine fiber, lignin uye pectin.Nekuti yakakwirira C/N, inogona kushandiswa seyakakwira-kabhoni yekuwedzera zvinhu.Nekuda kwehuwandu hwenitrogen, mupfudze wezvipfuyo unogona kushandiswa seyepamusoro-nitrogen additives.Semuenzaniso, manyowa enguruve ane ammonium nitrogen inowanikwa ku80 muzana yehutachiona, kuitira kuti ibudirire kusimudzira kukura kwehutachiona uye kuberekana uye kukurumidza kukura kwecompost.Nyowani mhando organic fetiraiza granulatorinokodzera chikamu ichi.Kana mabviro emidziyo achipinda mumushini, zvinowedzera zvinogona kuwedzerwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana.
●Ventilation uye kupa oxygen
Chinhu chakakosha kuti manyowa ecompost ive nemhepo yakakwana uye oxygen.Basa rayo guru nderekupa oxygen inodiwa yekukura kwehutachiona.Kugadzirisa tembiricha yekupindura nekudzora kufefetera kuitira kudzora tembiricha yepamusoro yecompost uye nguva yekuitika.Nepo kuchengetedza yakanyanya tembiricha mamiriro, kuwedzera kufefetera kunogona kubvisa unyoro.Kufefetedza kwakaringana uye okisijeni kunogona kuderedza kurasikirwa kwenitrogen, kugadzirwa kwemalodor uye unyoro, izvo zviri nyore kuchengetedza zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira.
Kunyorova kwecompost kune chekuita neaeration porosity uye microbial chiitiko, izvo zvinokanganisa mashandisirwo eokisijeni.Icho chinhu chinogadzirisa mune aerobic composting.Inoda kudzora unyoro uye kufefetera pahwaro hwezvinhu zvezvinhu, kuti uwane kurongeka kwemvura uye oksijeni.Ndichiri kufunga nezvese zviri zviviri, inogona kusimudzira kukura kwehutachiona uye kubereka uye kugadzirisa mamiriro ekutonga.
Chidzidzo chacho chakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kweokisijeni kunowedzera zvakanyanya pasi pe60 ℃, kushandiswa kwakaderera kwakakwira kupfuura 60 ℃ uye pedyo ne zero pamusoro pe70 ℃.Kuwanda kwemhepo uye oksijeni inofanira kudzorwa maererano nekupisa kwakasiyana.
● pH inodzora
Kukosha kwepH kunokanganisa maitiro ese ekugadzira manyowa.Muchikamu chekutanga chekugadzira manyowa, pH inobata basa rebhakitiriya.Semuenzaniso, pH = 6.0 ndiyo muganhu wenguruve yakakura uye saw-guruva.Iyo inhibisa kabhoni dhaidhiyo uye chizvarwa chekupisa papH <6.0.Inowedzera nekukurumidza mucarbon dioxide uye chizvarwa chekupisa paPH> 6. 0. Paunenge uchipinda muchikamu chekushisa kwepamusoro, chiito chakabatanidzwa chepamusoro pH uye kupisa kwepamusoro kunotungamirira kukuputika kweammonia.Utachiona hunodzikira kuita organic acid necompost, zvichikonzera kudzikiswa kwepH, kusvika pa5 kana zvakadaro.Uye zvino volatile organic acids inoshanduka nekuda kwekukwira kwekushisa.Zvichakadaro, ammonia, yakasvibiswa neorganics, inoita pH kusimuka.Pakupedzisira, inodzikama pamwero wepamusoro.Mutembiricha yepamusoro yecompost, pH kukosha pa7.5 ~ 8.5 inogona kuwana maximal composting rate.Yakanyanya kukwira pH inogona zvakare kukonzera yakawandisa volatilization yeammonia, nekudaro inogona kuderedza pH nekuwedzera kwealum uye phosphoric acid.
Muchidimbu, kudzora kunaka kwecompost hakusi nyore.Zviri nyore kune a
single condition.Nekudaro, izvo zvinhu zvinodyidzana kuti zvizadzise optimization yese yecompost mamiriro, maitiro ese anofanirwa kubatanidzwa.Kana mamiriro ekutonga akakodzera, composting inogona kugadziriswa zvakanaka.Naizvozvo, yakaisa hwaro hwakasimba hwekugadzira manyowa emhando yepamusoro.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-18-2021