Mupfudze wemakwai organic fetereza yekuvirisa tekinoroji

Kunewo mapurazi makuru nemadiki akawanda uye akawanda.Kunyange vachizadzisa zvido zvevanhu zvenyama, vanogadzirawo zvipfuyo nehuku yakawanda.Kurapa kwakanaka kwemupfudze hakugone kugadzirisa zvinobudirira dambudziko rekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, asiwo kushandura tsvina.Weibao inogadzira mabhenefiti akawanda uye panguva imwechete inoumba yakamisikidzwa yekurima ecosystem.

Organic fetereza inonyanya kutorwa kubva muzvirimwa uye (kana) mhuka, uye inoviriswa uye yakaora kabhoni-ine organic zvinhu.Basa rayo nderekuvandudza kubereka kwevhu, kupa kudya kwezvirimwa, nekuvandudza kunaka kwembesa.Inokodzera organic fetereza inogadzirwa kubva kumombe nehuku mupfudze, mhuka nezvirimwa zvakasara uye mhuka nezvirimwa zvigadzirwa semidziyo yakabikwa, uye mushure mekuvirisa nekuora.

Zvichienzaniswa nemimwe mupfudze wemhuka, zvinovaka muviri zvendove yemakwai zvine zvakanakira zviri pachena.Sarudzo yekudya kwehwai mabuds uye huswa hunyoro, maruva nemashizha akasvibira, izvo zvikamu zvine yakakwira nitrogen concentration.Mupfudze wemakwai mutsva une 0.46% ye phosphorus ne potassium, 0.23% ye nitrogen uye 0.66%, uye phosphorus ne potassium zvayo zvakangofanana nemamwe manyowa.Huwandu hwezvinhu zvine organic hwakakwira kusvika 30% uye hunodarika hwemamwe manyowa emhuka.Mushonga we nitrogen wakapetwa kaviri pane wendove yemombe.Inokurumidza fetireza mhedzisiro inokodzera kupfeka kwepamusoro, asi inofanirwa kunyungudika, yakaviriswa kana granulated, zvikasadaro zviri nyore kupisa mbesa.

Manongedzo epaInternet anoratidza kuti manyowa emhuka akasiyana anofanirwa kuwedzerwa nezvakasiyana zvekabhoni kugadzirisa zvinhu nekuda kweakasiyana kabhoni-nitrogen ratios.Kazhinji, iyo carbon-nitrogen reshiyo yekuvirisa inenge 25-35.Huyero hwekabhoni kune nitrogen yemupfudze wemakwai uri pakati pe26-31.

Mupfudze wezvipfuyo nehuku kubva kumatunhu akasiyana uye chikafu chakasiyana chichava nekabhoni-nitrogen ratios dzakasiyana.Zvakakosha kugadzirisa carbon-nitrogen ratio maererano nemamiriro emunharaunda uye iyo chaiyo carbon-nitrogen ratio yemupfudze kuti murwi uparare.

 

Huyero hwemupfudze (nitrogen source) kumashanga (carbon source) inowedzerwa patani yecompost

Iyo data inobva paInternet kuti ishandiswe chete

Mupfudze wemakwai

Sawdust

Mashanga ezviyo

Dzinde rechibage

Waste mushroom zvakasara

995

5

941

59

898

102

891

109

Chikamu: kilogram

Estimation of escretion of sheep manure excretion Data source network ndeyekutarisa chete

Zvipfuyo nehuku marudzi

Zuva nezuva kubuda / kg

Gore negore excretion/metric ton.

 

Nhamba yezvipfuyo nehuku

Inenge pagore kubuda kwe organic fetereza/metric ton

hwai

2

0.7

1,000

365

Kushandiswa kwemupfudze wemakwai organic fertilizer:

1. Fetereza yemakwai inoora zvishoma nezvishoma uye yakakodzera sefotereza yekutanga kuwedzera kurimwa kwezvirimwa.Iko kusanganiswa kwekushandiswa kwe organic fertilizer kune mhedzisiro iri nani.Inoshandiswa muvhu rejecha uye ivhu rakasimba kwazvo, haigoni kungovandudza kubereka, asiwo kuwedzera basa rema enzymes evhu.

2. Mupfudze wegwai organic fetereza ine kudya kwakasiyana siyana kunodiwa kuvandudza kunaka kwezvigadzirwa zvekurima nekuchengetedza kudya kunovaka muviri.

3. Mupfudze wemakwai weorganic fertilizer unobatsira kumetabolism yevhu uye unovandudza kuita kwebiology, chimiro uye kudya kwevhu.

4. Mupfudze wegwai organic fetireza inogona kuvandudza kusanaya kwemvura, kutonhora kwechando, desalination resistance, munyu kushivirira uye kuramba zvirwere zvezvirimwa.

 

Mupfudze wemakwai organic fertilizer process:

Kuvirisa→kupwanya→kuvhenganisa nekusanganisa→kupfudza→kuomesa→kutonhora→kuvheneka→kurongedza→kurongedza nekuchengetedza.

1. Kuvirisa

Kuvirisa kwakakwana ndihwo hwaro hwekugadzirwa kwefotereza yemhando yepamusoro.Muchina wekutenderedza murwi unoona kuviriswa uye kuita manyowa, uye unokwanisa kuona kutenderera kwemurwi uye kuvirisa, izvo zvinovandudza kumhanya kwekuvirisa kweaerobic.

2. Kupwanya

Chikuya chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwefetereza, uye chine simba rekupwanya pazvinhu zvakanyorova zvakaita semupfudze wehuku nemadhaka.

3. Gadzirisa

Mushure mekunge iyo mbishi yapwanyika, inosanganiswa nezvimwe zvinhu zvekubatsira zvakaenzana uye ipapo granulated.

4. Granulation

Iyo granulation process ndiyo yakakosha chikamu cheiyo organic fetireza yekugadzira mutsara.Iyo organic fetireza granulator inowana yepamusoro-mhando yunifomu granulation kuburikidza nekuenderera mberi kusanganisa, kudhumhana, inlay, spheroidization, granulation, uye densification.

5. Kuomesa uye kutonhora

Iyo drum dryer inoita kuti zvinhu zvibatane zvizere nemhepo inopisa uye inoderedza hunyoro hwezvimedu.

Paunenge uchidzikisa tembiricha yemapellets, chigubhu chinotonhodza chinoderedza huwandu hwemvura mumapellets zvakare, uye inenge 3% yemvura inogona kubviswa kuburikidza nekutonhodza.

6. Kuongorora

Mushure mekutonhodzwa, hupfu hwese uye zvimedu zvisina kukodzera zvinogona kutariswa nedhiramu sieving muchina.

7. Packaging

Iyi ndiyo yekupedzisira nzira yekugadzira.Iyo otomatiki yehuwandu hwekurongedza muchina unogona kuyera otomatiki, kutakura uye kuvhara bhegi.

 

Midziyo mikuru yekusuma yemakwai manyowa organic fetereza yekugadzira mutsara:

1. Midziyo yekuvirisa: muchina wekutenderedza muchina, crawler mhando yekutenderedza muchina, cheni cheni inotenderedza uye yekukanda muchina.

2. Crusher midziyo: semi-wet material crusher, vertical crusher

3. Mixer midziyo: horizontal mixer, pan mixer

4. Kuongorora michina: dhiramu yekuongorora muchina

5. Midziyo yekugezera: inobvongodza mazino, dhisiki granulator, extrusion granulator, dhiramu granulator.

6. Dryer midziyo: Drum dryer

7. Zvishandiso zvinotonhorera: dhiramu inotonhorera

8. Midziyo yekubatsira: solid-liquid separator, quantitative feeder, automatic quantitative packaging machine, belt conveyor.

 

Kuviriswa kwendove yemakwai:

1. Sanganisa ndove yehwai nehupfu hushoma hwemashanga.Huwandu hwehupfu hwemashanga hunoenderana nehunyoro hwehupfu hwemakwai.General compost fermentation inoda 45% yemvura zvichireva kuti ukaunganidza manyowa pamwe chete, pakati pezvigunwe pane mvura asi hapana madhiri emvura.Paunoisunungura, inosunungura pakarepo.

2. Wedzera makirogiramu matatu ehutachiwana hwebhayoloji patani imwe yemanyowa emakwai kana matani 1.5 emupfudze wehwai.Deredzai mabhakitiriya pachiyero che1: 300 uye aafire zvakaenzana pamurwi wemupfudze wemakwai.Wedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwehupfu hwechibage, mashanga echibage, huswa, nezvimwe.

3. Yakashongedzerwa nemusanganisi wakanaka wekusanganisa izvi organic mbishi zvinhu.Iko kusanganiswa kunofanira kunge kwakaringana yunifomu.

4. Sanganisa zvinhu zvose pamwe chete kugadzira compost.Murwi wega wega une hupamhi hwemamita 2.0-3.0 uye murwi hurefu hwemamita 1.5-2.0.Kana iri kureba, 5 metres kana kupfuura inosarudzwa.Kana tembiricha yadarika 55 ℃, muchina wecompost unogona kushandiswa kutenderera

Ongorora: Zvimwe zvinhu zvine hukama zvakanyanya nekuita manyowa emakwai, senge tembiricha, kabhoni kune nitrogen ratio, pH, okisijeni nenguva.

5. Mupfudze unodziiswa kwemazuva matatu, wobviswa hwema kwemazuva mashanu, wosunungurwa kwemazuva mapfumbamwe, unonhuwa kwemazuva gumi nemaviri, uye wakaora kwemazuva gumi nemashanu.

a.Pazuva rechitatu, tembiricha yemurwi wecompost inowedzerwa kusvika 60℃-80℃ kuuraya zvirwere zvezvirimwa uye zvipembenene zvakaita seEscherichia coli nemazai ezvipembenene.

b.Pazuva rechishanu, hwema hwendove yehwai hwakabviswa.

c.Pazuva rechipfumbamwe, manyowa inova yakasununguka uye yakaoma, yakafukidzwa nechena hyphae.

d.Pazuva rechigumi nembiri, yaiita seyakabudisa kunhuhwirira kwewaini;

e.Pazuva regumi neshanu, ndove yemakwai inoora zvachose.

 

Disclaimer: Chikamu che data iri muchinyorwa ichi chinobva paInternet uye ndechekungotaura chete.


Nguva yekutumira: May-18-2021