Kuraswa kwechikafu kwave kuwedzera sezvo huwandu hwevanhu vari munyika hwawedzera uye maguta ari kukura.Mamirioni ematani ezvokudya anokandwa munzvimbo dzinoraswa marara munyika yose gore negore.Inenge 30% yemichero yenyika, miriwo, zviyo, nyama uye zvikafu zvakaputirwa zvinoraswa gore rega rega.Kuraswa kwechikafu kwave dambudziko rakakura rezvakatipoteredza munyika dzese.Kuraswa kwechikafu kwakawanda kunokonzera kusvibiswa kwakakomba, kunokuvadza mweya, mvura, ivhu uye kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu.Kune rimwe divi, marara echikafu anopwanya anaerobicly kuburitsa magasi egreenhouse akadai semethane, kabhoni dhaikisaidhi uye kumwe kusvibiswa kunokuvadza.Kuraswa kwezvokudya kunobudisa matani akaenzana nemabhiriyoni 3,3 emagasi egreenhouse.Kuraswa kwechikafu, kune rumwe rutivi, kunokandwa munzvimbo dzinoraswa marara dzinotora nzvimbo huru dzevhu, dzichigadzira gasi remarara uye huruva inoyangarara.Kana iyo leachate inogadzirwa panguva yekuraswa ikasabatwa nemazvo, inokonzeresa kusvibiswa kwechipiri, kusvibiswa kwevhu uye kusvibiswa kwemvura yepasi.
Kupisa uye kuraswa kwemarara kune zvakakomba zvakanyanya, uyezve kushandiswa kwemarara echikafu kunobatsira mukuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuwedzera kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvinogoneka.
Magadzirwa sei tsvina yechikafu kuita organic fertilizer.
Zvibereko, miriwo, zvinogadzirwa nemukaka, zviyo, chingwa, mazambiringa ekofi, magoko emazai, nyama nemapepanhau zvese zvinogona kuiswa manyowa.Kuraswa kwechikafu chinhu chakasiyana chekugadzira manyowa inova tsime guru rezvinhu zvipenyu.Kuraswa kwechikafu kunosanganisira zvinhu zvemakemikari zvakaita sestarch, cellulose, protein lipids uye inorganic salts, pamwe nekutsvaga zvinhu zvakaita se,,,,,,N,P,,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,K, etc. Kuraswa kwechikafu kwapera. kusvika 85% biodegradable.Iyo ine hunhu hwepamusoro organic yemukati, yakakwira yemvura yemukati uye yakawanda chikafu, uye ine yakakwirira kudzokorora kukosha.Nekuti marara echikafu ane hunhu hwehunyoro hwepamusoro uye hushoma density chimiro chemuviri, zvakakosha kusanganisa tsvina yechikafu nepuffing agent, iyo inotora mvura yakawandisa uye inowedzera chimiro kusanganisa.
Tsvina yechikafu ine huwandu hwakanyanya hwezvinhu zvipenyu, ine crude protein inotora 15% - 23%, mafuta 17% - 24%, zvicherwa 3% - 5%, Ca 54%, sodium chloride ye3% - 4%, etc.
Tekinoroji yekugadzira nemidziyo ine chekuita nekushandurwa kwemarara echikafu kuita organic fetereza.
Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti kuderera kwekushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvekurashira ivhu kunokonzera kusvibiswa kune zvakatipoteredza.Parizvino, dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira dzakagadzira nzira yakanaka yokurasa tsvina yezvokudya.MuGermany, semuenzaniso, marara echikafu anobatwa zvakanyanya kuburikidza necompost uye anaerobic fermentation, achigadzira anenge 5 miriyoni matani efotereza kubva mumarara echikafu gore rega rega.Nekuita manyowa emarara echikafu muUK, matani anosvika miriyoni makumi maviri ehutsi hweCO2 anogona kudzikiswa gore rega rega.Composting inoshandiswa munenge 95% yemaguta eUS.Composting inogona kuunza zvakasiyana siyana zvezvakatipoteredza, kusanganisira kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemvura, uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi akawanda.
Kupera mvura mumuviri.
Mvura ndicho chinhu chakakosha chemarara echikafu chinoverengerwa 70% -90%, ndicho chikonzero chekurasa chikafu.Naizvozvo, kupera mvura mumuviri ndicho chinongedzo chakakosha pakushandura marara echikafu kuita fetiraiza.
Chikafu chinorasa chikafu chisati chagadziriswa ndicho danho rekutanga mukurapa kwemarara echikafu.Inonyanya kusanganisira: oblique sieve dewatering machine, splitter, automatic separation system, solid liquid separator, mafuta uye mvura separator, tangi yekuvirisa.
Maitiro ekutanga anogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvinotevera:.
1. Marara echikafu anofanira kutanga apererwa nemvura nekuti ane mvura yakawandisa.
2. Kubviswa kwemarara asingakanganisi kubva mumarara ezvokudya, zvakadai sesimbi, huni, mapurasitiki, mapepa, machira, nezvimwewo, kuburikidza nekugadzirisa.
3. Tsvina yezvokudya inosarudzwa uye inodyiswa mu-spiral solid liquid separator yekupwanya, kupera uye kuderedza.
4. Zvokudya zvakasvinwa zvakasara zvakaomeswa uye zvakasvibiswa pakupisa kwepamusoro kuti zvibvise kunyorova uye zvakasiyana-siyana pathogenic microorganisms.Iko kunaka uye kuoma kwemarara ezvokudya zvinodiwa pakugadzira manyowa, pamwe chete nemarara ezvokudya, zvinogona kudyiswa zvakananga mutangi rekuvirisa kuburikidza nebhandi rinotakura.
5. Mvura inobviswa kubva mumarara ezvokudya isanganiswa yemafuta nemvura, inoparadzaniswa nemafuta-mvura separator.Mafuta akapatsanurwa anogadziriswa zvakadzika kuti awane biodiesel kana maindasitiri oiri.
Chishandiso chacho chine zvakanakira zvekubuda kwepamusoro, kushanda kwakachengeteka, mutengo wakaderera uye kutenderera kupfupi kwekugadzira.Kuburikidza nekurapa kusingakuvadzi kwezviwanikwa zvakaderedzwa uye marara echikafu, kusvibiswa kwechipiri kunokonzerwa nemarara echikafu munzira yekufambisa kunodziviswa.Kune akawanda mamodheru ekusarudza kubva mufekitori yedu, akadai se500kg/h, 1t/h, 3t/h, 5t/h, 10t/h, nezvimwe.
Kompositi.
Fermentation tangi imhando yetangi yakavharirwa zvizere yekuvirisa uchishandisa tembiricha yekuvirisa aerobic fermentation tekinoroji, inotsiva tekinoroji yekuisa composting tekinoroji.Iyo yakavharwa yakanyanya tembiricha uye nekukurumidza composting process mutangi inoburitsa yakakwirira-mhando manyowa, ayo anogona kudzorwa zvakanyanya, akaora nekukurumidza uye mhando yechigadzirwa inogadzikana.
Iyo compost mumudziyo inoparadzaniswa nemhepo, uye kutonga kwekushisa panguva yekugadzira manyowa ndiko kwakakosha.Nekuchengetedza yakakwana tembiricha mamiriro ekuita microbial, organic matter inogona kukurumidza kuodzwa uye tembiricha yakakwira, mazai nemhodzi dzemasora zvinogona kuwanikwa panguva imwe chete.Kuvirisa kunotangwa nemasikirwo anoitika mumarara echikafu anopwanya zvinhu zvinoumba manyowa, kuburitsa zvinovaka muviri, kukwidza tembiricha kusvika 60-70 madhigirii C anodiwa kuuraya mbeu dzepathogensandweed, uye kutevedzera mirairo yekurapa tsvina yehupenyu.Tsvina yechikafu inogona kuiswa mupfudze mumazuva mana chete uchishandisa matangi ekuvirisa.Mushure memazuva 4-7 chete, manyowa anonyatsoora uye anobudiswa, uye manyowa akaora haana kunhuwa uye anoiswa disinfected kuti ave akapfuma muorganic Nutrient balance.Kugadzirwa kwecompost uku kusinganakidze, kusabereka, kwete kungochengetedza ivhu remarara kuchengetedza nharaunda, asi zvakare kunounza humwe hupfumi.
Granulation.
Particulate organic fertilizer inotora chinzvimbo chakakosha mumusika wefetereza kutenderera pasirese.Kiyi yekuvandudza kugona kwekugadzira organic fetireza kusarudza yakakodzera organic fetereza granulation muchina.Granulation inzira yekugadzira zvidimbu zvidiki zve organic raw materials, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza mashandiro eorganic raw materials kudzivirira zvivharo kubva pakuwedzera kufamba, kuitira kuti madiki-vhoriyamu zvikumbiro zvive nyore kutakura, kutakura uye zvichingodaro.Zvese zvigadzirwa zvinogona kuumbwa kuita dzakatenderedza organic fetiraiza kuburikidza neyedu organic fetireza granulation maitiro.Material granulation rates inogona kusvika ku100% uye organic zvemukati zvinogona kukwira se100%.
Pakurima kwakakura, granularity yekushandiswa kwemusika yakakosha.Michina yedu inokwanisa kugadzira fetereza yemhando ye0.5mm-1.3mm,,1.3mm-3mm,,2mm-5mm muhukuru hwakasiyana.Iyo granulation ye organic fetiraiza inopa dzimwe nzira dzinogoneka dzekusanganisa zvicherwa kugadzira akasiyana fetiraiza anovaka muviri, achibvumira huwandu hukuru kuti huchengetwe uye huputirwe kuitira nyore kutengeserana uye kushandiswa.Granular organic fertilizer zviri nyore kushandisa pasina kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi, mhodzi dzemasora uye zvirwere, uye kuumbwa kwavo kunozivikanwa.Zvichienzaniswa nemarara emhuka, Yavo nitrogen N inokwana 4.3 nguva yepakutanga, zvinyorwa zve phosphorus P2O5 ndeye 4 nguva iyo yekupedzisira, uye zvinyorwa zve potassium K2O ndeye 8.2 nguva yekupedzisira.Particulate organic fetiraiza inovandudza kubereka kwevhu, ivhu remuviri, makemikari, microbiological zvimiro uye hunyoro, mhepo uye kupisa nekuwedzera humus level, uku ichiwedzera goho rezvirimwa.
Dry uye inotonhorera.
Panguva yekugadzirwa kwe organic fertilizer, zvese zviri zviviri tumble dryer ne cooler zvinoshandiswa pamwe chete.Kuderedza hunyoro hwezvimedu zvefetiraiza uye kudzikisira tembiricha yezvidimbu kuti zvizadzise chinangwa chekuita sterilizing deodorization.Matanho maviri aya anoderedza kurasikirwa kwezvikafu muorganic fertilizer kuita kuti zvidimbu zviwedzere kufanana uye zvinyoro.
Sefa pasuru.
Iyo yekuongorora maitiro inoitwa ne roller sieve subsecond kusefa kunze zvisingaite zvimedu.Zvisiri-zvinoenderana zvimedu zvinotakurwa nemutakuri kuenda kune blender kuti igadziriswezve, uye inokwanisa organic fetiraiza ichaiswa pamushini wekurongedza otomatiki.
Batsirwa kubva kune organic fetereza muchikafu.
Kushandura marara echikafu kuita fetireza yepasi kunogona kugadzira hupfumi uye zvakatipoteredza zvinogona kuvandudza hutano hwevhu uye kubatsira kuderedza kukukurwa nekuvandudza kunaka kwemvura.Gasi rechisikigo rinovandudzwa zvakare uye biofuel zvinogona zvakare kugadzirwa kubva kumarara echikafu akadzokororwa, izvo zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse uye kuvimba nefossil.
Organic fetireza ndicho chikafu chakanakisa chevhu uye chine pundutso dzakawanda pavhu.Icho chitubu chakanaka chekudya kwezvirimwa, kusanganisira nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uye micronutrients, izvo zvinodiwa pakukura kwemiti.Inogona zvakare kudzora zvimwe zvipembenene nezvirwere zvezvirimwa, asi zvakare kuderedza kudiwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzefungicides nemakemikari.Fetereza yemhando yepamusoro ichashandiswa muminda yakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kuratidzwa kwemaruva mune zvekurima, mapurazi nenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, izvo zvichaunzawo pundutso dzakananga dzehupfumi kuvagadziri.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-22-2020