Kuviriswa kwe organic raw materials ndiyo inonyanya kukosha uye yakakosha chikamu chekugadzirwa kwe organic fetireza, inobatawo chikamu chakakosha chemhando ye organic fetireza, kuviriswa kwe organic mbishi ndiko kupindirana kwemuviri uye biological. hunhu hwezvinhu zvakabikwa mukuita komputa.Kune rimwe divi, nharaunda yekuvirisa inopindirana uye inokurudzirwa zvine hunyoro.Kune rumwe rutivi, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasanganiswa zvinosanganiswa pamwe chete, nekuda kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, chiyero chekuora chakasiyanawo.
Isu tinodzora kuvirisa maitiro kunyanya kubva pane zvinotevera zvinhu:
Hunyoro hwemukati.
Mvura ine hukama yekugadzira manyowa mukugadzira manyowa i40% kusvika 70%, uye mvura yakanyatsokodzera ndeye 60-70% kuitira kuti tive nechokwadi chekufambira mberi kwecompost.Hunyoro hwepamusoro kana hushoma hwechinyorwa huchakanganisa basa rema aerobic microorganisms uye inoda kugadziridzwa kuti hunyoro husati hwavirisa.Kana mvura yezvinhu iri pasi pe60%, tembiricha inononoka uye kuderera kwakaderera kwakashata.Humidity inopfuura 70% inokanganisa kufefetedza kuumba anaerobic fermentation heat slow decomposition effect haina kunaka.
Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti mvura mumirwi yecompost inogona kukurudzira kuora uye kugadzikana kwecompost panguva yezvinonyanya kushanda zvezvipembenene.Kuwanda kwemvura kunofanira kuchengetedzwa pa50-60% pakutanga kwekugadzira manyowa.Kubva ipapo, hunyoro hunoramba huri pamakumi mana kusvika makumi mashanu muzana uye pamusimboti hapana madonhwe emvura anogona kubuda.Mushure mekuvirisa, hunyoro hwemidziyo inofanirwa kudzorwa pasi pe30%, kana mvura yakakwira inofanira kunge iri 80degrees C yekuomesa.
Kudzora tembiricha.
Tembiricha mhedzisiro ye microbial chiitiko.Inotarisa kuwirirana pakati pezvinhu zvakasvibiswa.Pakutanga tembiricha ye30 kusvika 50 madhigirii celsius, utachiona hunokonzerwa nekupisa℃ hunokanganisa huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu zvakasimukira uye nekukurumidza kuputsa cellulose munguva pfupi, nekudaro zvichisimudzira kuwedzera kwekushisa kwecompost.Iyo yakanyanya tembiricha i55 kusvika 60 degreesCelsius.Kupisa kwakanyanya kunodiwa kuuraya utachiona, mazai, mhodzi dzemasora nezvimwe zvinhu zvine chepfu uye zvinokuvadza.Uraya zvinhu zvinokuvadza kwemaawa、papamusoro tembiricha ye55degrees C, 65℃、madhigirii C, uye70 madhigirii C. Zvinowanzotora mavhiki maviri kusvika matatu pasi pemamiriro ekunze etembiricha.
Takambotaura kuti hunyoro ndicho chinhu chinokanganisa kupisa kwecompost.Mvura yakawandisa inoderedza tembiricha yecompost, kugadzirisa mwando kunobatsira kuti manyowa anonoka kudziya.Zvinokwanisika zvakare kuderedza tembiricha nekuwedzera mwando kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya panguva yekugadzira manyowa.
Kushandura murwi ndeimwe nzira yekudzora tembiricha.Nekutenderedza murwi unogona kunyatso kudzora tembiricha ye reactor kuti iwedzere kubuda kwemvura kuitira kuti mweya mutsva upinde mumurwi.Kufamba dumper inzira inoshanda yekudzikisa tembiricha yemurwi.Iine maitiro ekushanda nyore uye mutengo wakanaka uye kushanda kwakanaka.Iyo tembiricha yekuvirisa uye yakanyanya tembiricha nguva inogona kudzorwa zvinobudirira nekugara uchirasa.
Carbon-nitrogen ratio.
Yakafanira kabhoni nitrogen inogona kukurudzira kuvirisa kwakatsetseka kwecompost.Kana iyo kabhoni-nitrogen ratio yakawandisa, kuderera kwehuwandu hweorganic zvinhu kunononoka nekuda kwekushaikwa kwenitrogen uye kudzikiswa kwenzvimbo yekukura, zvichikonzera nguva yakareba yekugadzira manyowa.Kana kabhoni-nitrogen ratio yakadzikira-kabhoni inogona kushandiswa zvizere, yakawandisa nitrogen muchimiro chekurasika kweammonia.Haisi kungokanganisa zvakatipoteredza, asiwo inoderedza kushanda kwenitrogen fertilizer.Microorganisms inoumba microbial chizvarwa panguva yekuvirisa kweorganic.Vana vane 50% carbon, 5% nitrogen uye 0. 25% phosphoric acid.Vatsvakurudzi vanokurudzira mupfudze wakakodzera C/N nokuda kwe20-30%.
Iyo kabhoni-nitrogen ratio ye organic compost inogona kudzorwa nekuwedzera high carbon kana nitrogen.Zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semashanga, sora, mapazi akafa nemashizha ane faibha, ligand uye pectin.Nekuda kweiyo yakakwira kabhoni/nitrogen yemukati, inogona kushandiswa seyakakwira kabhoni yekuwedzera.Iyo yakakwira nitrogen yehupfu hwemhuka neyehuku inogona kushandiswa seyakanyanya nitrogen yekuwedzera.Semuyenzaniso, chiyero chekushandiswa kweammonia nitrogen mundove yenguruve i80% yema microorganisms, ayo anogona kusimudzira kukura uye kuberekana kwemamicroorganisms uye kukurumidza kuora kwecompost.
Ventilation uye oxygen inopa.
Zvakakosha zvikuru kuva nemhepo yakakwana uye oxygen yekuvirisa manyowa.Basa rayo guru nderokupa iyo oksijeni inodiwa yekukura kwe microorganisms.Iyo yakanyanya tembiricha uye nguva yekuitika kwe compost inodzorwa nekudzora kufefetedza kwemhepo kugadzirisa kudziya kwecompost.Kuwedzera kufefetera uku uchichengetedza tembiricha yakanaka kunobvisa hunyoro.Kufefetedza zvakanaka uye oxygen kunogona kuderedza kurasikirwa nenitrogen uye kugadzirwa kwemunhuwi mucompost.
Kunyorova kwe organic fertilizer kune mhedzisiro pakufema, kuita kwe microbial uye kushandisa oxygen.Icho chinhu chinogadzirisa mune aerobic composting.Inoda kudzora hunyoro uye kufefetera zvinoenderana nehunhu hwezvinhu, kuwana mvura uye oxygen kurongeka.Panguva imwecheteyo, ese ari maviri, kusimudzira kukura kwehutachiona uye kuberekana kukwenenzvera mamiriro ekuvirisa.
Zvigumisiro zvinoratidza kuti kushandiswa kweokisijeni kunowedzera zvishoma pasi pe60 degrees C, zvishoma nezvishoma pa 60 degrees C kana pamusoro, uye pedyo ne0 pamusoro pe70 degrees C. Kuwanda kwemhepo uye oksijeni kunofanira kugadziriswa maererano nekupisa kwakasiyana.
pH kutonga.
Iyo pH inokanganisa iyo yese yekuvirisa maitiro.Mumatanho ekutanga ecompost, pH inokanganisa basa rebhakitiriya.Semuyenzaniso, pH?6.0 ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mufudze yenguruve nesawdust.Inodzivisa kugadzirwa kwecarbon dioxide uye kupisa papH slt; 6.0.Pa PH tsika dze6.0, CO2 yayo uye kupisa kunowedzera nekukurumidza.Kana uchipinda muchikamu chekushisa chepamusoro, chiito chekubatana chepamusoro pH uye kupisa kwakanyanya kunokonzera ammonia volaten.Utachiona hunopwanya organic acids kuburikidza necompost, zvichidzikisa pH kusvika pa5. Volatile organic acids inogona kufefeterwa nekukwira kwetembiricha.Panguva imwecheteyo, kuputika kweammonia ne organic matter kunowedzera pH.Pakupedzisira inodzikama pamwero wepamusoro.Pakupisa kwecompost, pH kubva pa7.5 kusvika 8.5 inokwanisa kusvika padanho repamusoro rekuita manyowa.Kunyanya kukwira pH kunogona kukonzera yakawandisa ammonia volatilization, saka unogona kuderedza pH nekuwedzera alum uye phosphoric acid.
Muchidimbu, kudzora kuviriswa kwakanaka uye kwakakwana kweorganic raw materials hakusi nyore.Izvi zviri nyore kune imwechete mbishi zvinhu.Nekudaro, zvakasiyana-siyana mbishi zvinhu zvinopindirana uye zvinodzivisa mumwe nemumwe.Kuti uwane iyo yakazara optimization yecompost mamiriro, kubatana kwega kwega maitiro kunodiwa.Kana mamiriro ekutonga akakodzera, kuvirisa kunoitwa zvakanaka, nokudaro kuisa hwaro hwekugadzirwa kwemhando yepamusoro organic fertilizer.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-22-2020