Conditional control yekugadzirwa kwefetereza yeorganic ndiko kudyidzana kwehunhu hwemuviri nebhayoloji mukuita komputa.Kudzora mamiriro anobatanidzwa nekudyidzana.Nekuda kwezvivakwa zvakasiyana uye kumhanyisa kumhanya, mapaipi emhepo akasiyana anofanirwa kusanganiswa pamwechete.
Kudzora unyoro.
Hunyoro chinhu chakakosha chinodiwa cheorganic composting, mukuita compost, mvura ine hukama yezvakagadzirwa zvecompost i40% kusvika 70%, izvo zvinoita kuti kufambira mberi kwakanaka kwecompost.Iyo yakanyanya kufanirwa mwando ndeye 60-70%.Kunyanya kukwira kana kuderera hunyoro hwezvinhu zvinokanganisa aerobic microbial chiitiko, saka mutemo wemvura unofanirwa kuitwa usati wavirisa.Kana hunyoro hwezvinhu huri pasi pe60%, kukurumidza kupisa kunononoka uye tembiricha yakaderera kuora.Hunyoro hunopfuura 70%, hune simba pamhepo, kuumbwa kweanaerobic fermentation, kunonoka kupisa, kuora kusina kunaka uye zvichingodaro.Kuisa mvura pamurwi wecompost kunogona kukurumidza kukura nekudzikama kwecompost.Mvura inofanira kuchengetwa pa50-60%.Mushure mezvo, wedzera mwando kuti uchengetedze pa40% kusvika 50%.
Kudzora tembiricha.
Icho mhedzisiro ye microbial chiitiko, iyo inosarudza kupindirana kwezvinhu.Pakutanga kwemurwi wecompost, tembiricha i30 kusvika 50degrees C, uye basa reropa rinoburitsa kupisa, izvo zvinokonzeresa kupisa kwecompost.Iyo yakanyanya tembiricha i55 kusvika 60 degreesCelsius.Ma microorganisms anokonzerwa nekupisa anoderedza huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvehupenyu uye anoputsa cellulose nekukurumidza munguva pfupi.Kupisa kwakanyanya kunodiwa kuuraya tsvina ine muchetura, mazai epathogen parasite nemhodzi dzesora, nezvimwewo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, zvinotora mavhiki maviri kusvika matatu kuuraya tsvina ine ngozi pa℃~tembiricha ye55 kusvika 65degreesC, kana maawa akati wandei pa70degrees C. Hunyoro huri mukati chinhu chinokanganisa tembiricha yecompost.Kuwanda kunyorova kunoderedza tembiricha yecompost.Kugadzirisa huwandu hwemvura panguva yekugadzira manyowa kunokonzeresa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.Nekuwedzera hunyoro uye kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya panguva yekugadzira manyowa, tembiricha inogona kudzikiswa.
Kompositi chimwe chinhu mukudzora tembiricha.Kompositi inogona kudzora tembiricha yezvinhu, kuwedzera kubuda uye kumanikidza mweya kuburikidza nemurwi.Kushandisa yekufamba-on compost turntable inzira inoshanda yekudzikisa tembiricha reactor.Iyo inoratidzirwa nekushanda nyore, mutengo wakaderera uye kushanda kwepamusoro.Gadzirisa kuwanda kwecompost kuti udzore tembiricha uye nguva yekupisa kwakanyanya.
C/N chiyero chekudzora.
Kana chiyero cheC/N chakakodzera, composting inogona kuitwa zvakanaka.Kana chiyero cheC/N chakanyanya kukwira, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwenitrogen uye nharaunda yekukura kushoma, mwero wekuparara kwemarara anodzikira, zvichikonzera kuti mupfudze nguva yakareba.Kana chiyero cheC/N chakanyanya kuderera, kabhoni inogona kushandiswa zvizere uye yakawandisa nitrogen inorasika muchimiro cheammonia.Haisi kungokanganisa zvakatipoteredza, asiwo inoderedza kushanda kwenitrogen fertilizer.Microorganisms inoumba microbial chizvarwa mukuita kwe organic composting.Pahuremu hwakaoma, iyo mbishi ine 50% kabhoni uye 5% nitrogen uye 0.25% phosphate.Nokudaro, vatsvakurudzi vanokurudzira kuti compost yakakodzera C/N ndeye 20-30%.
Chiyero cheC/N che organic compost chinogona kudzorwa nekuwedzera zvinhu zvine high carbon kana nitrogen.Zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semashanga nemasora nehuni yakafa nemashizha zvine faibha uye ligands uye pectin.Nekuda kweiyo yakakwirira C/N, inogona kushandiswa seyakakwira kabhoni yekuwedzera zvinhu.Nekuda kwehuwandu hwenitrogen, mupfudze wezvipfuyo unogona kushandiswa seyekuwedzera nitrogen.Semuenzaniso, manyowa enguruve ane 80% yeammonium nitrogen inowanikwa kune microorganisms, iyo inobudirira inosimudzira kukura uye kubereka kwezvipembenene uye inokurumidza kukura kwekompositi.Muchina mutsva we organic fertilizer granulation wakakodzera padanho iri.Zvinowedzerwa zvinogona kuwedzerwa kune zvakasiyana zvinodiwa kana mbishi zvinhu zvinopinda muchina.
Ventilation uye oxygen inopa.
Manyowa manyowa chinhu chakakosha mukushaikwa kwemhepo uye oxygen.Basa rayo guru nderokupa iyo oksijeni inodiwa yekukura kwe microorganisms.Dzora tembiricha yakanyanya uye nguva yekuitika kwecompost nekudzora kufefetedza kugadzirisa tembiricha yekuita.Kuwedzera kufefetera kunobvisa hunyoro uku uchichengetedza tembiricha yakanaka.Kufefetedza kwakaringana uye okisijeni kunogona kuderedza nitrogen kurasikirwa uye kunhuwa uye mwando mucompost zvigadzirwa, nyore kuchengeta mvura organic fetiraiza zvigadzirwa zvine kukanganisa pores uye microbial basa, kukanganisa okisijeni kushandiswa.Icho chinhu chinogadzirisa mune aerobic composting.Inoda kudzora hunyoro uye kufefetera pahwaro hwezvinhu zvezvinhu, uye kuwana mvura neokisijeni kurongeka.Tichifunga nezvese zviri zviviri, inogona kusimudzira kugadzirwa uye kuberekazve kwema microorganisms uye kukwidziridza kudzora mamiriro.Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kweokisijeni kunowedzera zvakanyanya pasi pe60 degrees C, uye kuti huwandu hwemhepo uye oxygen hunofanirwa kudzorwa zvichienderana nekupisa kwakasiyana.
PH kutonga.
PH tsika dzinokanganisa maitiro ese ekugadzira manyowa.Mumatanho ekutanga ekugadzira manyowa, PH inokanganisa kuita kwebhakitiriya.Semuyenzaniso, PH-6.0 ndiyo muganhu wekukura kwenguruve uye sawdust.Inodzivisa kugadzirwa kwecarbon dioxide uye kupisa paPH-6.0, uye kugadzirwa kwecarbon dioxide uye kupisa kunowedzera nokukurumidza paPH-6.Kana uchipinda padanho rekushisa, musanganiswa wepamusoro PH kukosha uye tembiricha yakakwira inokonzeresa ammonia volaten.Zvipembenene zvinodzikira kuita organic acids kuburikidza necompost, zvichidzikisa pH kusvika pa5. The volatile organic acids anobva abuda apo tembiricha inokwira.Panguva imwecheteyo ammonia inosvibiswa neorganic matter, zvichiita kuti PH isimuke.Pakupedzisira inodzikama pamwero wepamusoro.Pakupisa kwecompost, PH hunhu hunokwanisa kusvika pahuwandu hwecompost kubva pa7.5 kusvika pa8.5 maawa.Yakawandisa PHH inogona zvakare kutungamira mukuwedzeredza kweammonia, saka PHH inogona kudzikiswa nekuwedzera aluminium uye phosphoric acid.Kudzora kunaka kwe organic fertilizer hakusi nyore.Izvi zviri nyore kune imwe chete mamiriro.Nekudaro, izvo zvinhu zvinodyidzana uye zvinofanirwa kusanganiswa nemaitiro ega ega kuti uwane iyo yakazara optimization yecompost mamiriro.Kompositi inogona kubatwa zvakanaka kana mamiriro ekutonga ari akanaka.Naizvozvo, mafetireza emhando yepamusoro anogona kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa seyakanakisa fetereza yezvirimwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-22-2020