Kurapa zvine mutsindo uye kushandisa manyowa ezvipfuyo zvine mutsindo kunogona kuunza mari yakawanda kuvarimi vazhinji, asiwo nekusimudzira kusimudzira indasitiri yavo.
Biological organic fertilizerimhando yefetireza ine mabasa emicrobial fetireza uye organic fetireza, iyo inonyanya kutorwa kubva kune zvakasara zvemhuka nemiti (senge mupfudze wezvipfuyo, mashanga ezvirimwa, nezvimwewo) uye inoumbwa nekurapa kusingakuvadzi.
Izvi zvinotarisa kuti biological organic fertilizer ine zvikamu zviviri: 1) chaiyo basa rehutachiona.2) yakarapwa organic tsvina.
1) Yakananga inoshanda microorganism
Iwo chaiwo anoshanda ma microorganisms mune biological organic fetiraiza anowanzo anoreva ma microorganisms, anosanganisira akasiyana marudzi ebhakitiriya, fungi uye actinomycetes, ayo anogona kusimudzira shanduko yevhu zvinovaka muviri uye kukura kwezvirimwa mushure mekushandiswa kune ivhu.Zvakananga mabasa anogona kuiswa sezvizvi:
1. Utachiona hweNitrogen-fixing:
(1) symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria: inonyanya kureva leguminous crop rhizobia se: rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, chronic ammonia-fixing rhizobia seedlings, nezvimwewo;Non-leguminous chirimwa symbiotic nitrogen-kugadzirisa mabhakitiriya akadai Franklinella, Cyanobacteria, yavo nitrogen kugadzirisa kushanda kwakakwirira.
(2) Autogenous nitrogen-fixing mabhakitiriya: akadai seakatenderedza nitrogen-inogadzirisa mabhakitiriya, mabhakitiriya ephotosynthetic, nezvimwe.
(3) Joint nitrogen-fixing bacteria: inoreva tupukanana tunogona kusurukirwa kana uchigara mumudzi neshizha pamusoro pechirimwa rhizosphere, senge Pseudomonas genus, lipogenic nitrogen-inogadzirisa helicobacteria, nezvimwe.
2. Phosphorus inonyunguduka (kunyunguduka) fungi: Bacillus (yakadai seBacillus megacephalus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus humilus, nezvimwewo), Pseudomonas (yakadai sePseudomonas fluorescens), mabhakitiriya aNitrogen-fixed, Rhizobium, Thiospernicillus Nipuss, Rhizobium, Tiosperinipus, Rhizobium. Streptomyces, nezvimwewo.
3. Yakanyungudutswa (yakanyungudutswa) potassium mabhakitiriya: silicate mabhakitiriya (akadai secolloid Bacillus, colloid Bacillus, cyclosporillus), kwete-silicate potassium mabhakitiriya.
4. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya: Trichoderma (yakadai seTrichoderma harzianum), actinomycetes (yakadai seStreptomyces flatus, Streptomyces sp. sp.), Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis marudzi, nezvimwewo.
5. Rhizosphere kukura-kukurudzira mabhakitiriya uye kukura kwemiti-kukurudzira fungi.
6. Chiedza chepuratifomu mabhakitiriya: akati wandei erudzi rwePseudomonas gracilis uye akati wandei erudzi rwePseudomonas gracilis.Marudzi aya mabhakitiriya ane facultative aerobic anogona kukura pamberi pehydrogen uye akakodzera kugadzirwa kwebiological organic fertilizer.
7. Chipembenene chisingaiti uye chakawedzera mabhakitiriya ekugadzirwa: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Phylloidase, Cordyceps uye Bacillus.
8. Cellulose decomposition mabhakitiriya: thermophilic lateral spora, Trichoderma, Mucor, nezvimwewo.
9. Mamwe ma microorganisms anoshanda: mushure mokunge ma microorganisms apinda muvhu, anogona kuvhara zvinhu zvemuviri zvinoshanda kuti zvikurudzire uye zvigadzirise kukura kwemiti.Mamwe acho ane kucheneswa uye kuora kwekuita pachepfu yevhu, senge mbiriso uye lactic acid mabhakitiriya.
2) Organic zvinhu zvakatorwa kubva kune zvakasara zvemhuka zvakaora.Organic zvinhu zvisina kuvirisa, hazvigone kushandiswa zvakananga kugadzira fetiraiza, zvakare hazvigone kuuya mumusika.
Kuti uite kuti mabhakitiriya anyatsobatana neiyo mbishi uye akwanise kuvirisa, anogona kubvongodzwa zvakaenzana kuburikidza necompost turner muchinasepazasi:
Zvinowanzo shandiswa organic zvinhu:
(1) Mupfudze: huku, nguruve, mombe, hwai, bhiza nemamwe manyowa emhuka;
(2) Mashanga: mashanga echibage, mashanga, mashanga egorosi, mashanga esoyabhinzi nemamwe mashanga ezvirimwa;
(3) goko uye bran.Mupunga hupfu hupfu, hupfu hwenzungu, hupfu hwemhodzi, bran yemupunga, fungus bran, nezvimwewo;
(4) dregs: distiller's dregs, soy sauce dregs, vhiniga dregs, furfural dregs, xylose dregs, enzyme dregs, garlic dregs, shuga dregs, nezvimwe.
(5) keke kudya.Keke resoya bean, hupfu hwesoya, mafuta, keke repeseed, nezvimwe.
(6) Mamwe madhaka emumba, sefa madhaka ekunatsa shuga, dhaka reshuga, bagasse, nezvimwe.
Zvigadzirwa izvi zvinogona kushandiswa seyekubatsira chikafu mbishi kugadzirwa kwebiological organic fetireza mushure mekuvirisa.
Nema microorganisms chaiwo uye zvakaora organic zvinhu izvi zviviri zvinogona kugadzirwa nebiological organic fetireza.
1) Yakananga nzira yekuwedzera
1, sarudza chaiwo mabhakitiriya ehutachiona: anogona kushandiswa semhando imwe kana mbiri, kazhinji isingapfuure marudzi matatu, nekuti iyo yakawanda sarudzo yebhakitiriya, inokwikwidza chikafu pakati peumwe neumwe, inotungamira zvakananga kune yakabatana basa rekubvisa.
2. Kuverenga kwehuwandu hwekuwedzera: maererano nehuwandu hweNY884-2012 yebio-organic fertilizer muChina, nhamba inoshanda yebhakitiriya inorarama yebio-organic fertilizer inofanira kusvika 0.2 mamiriyoni / g.Mune imwe tani yezvinhu zvehupenyu, inopfuura 2 kg yezvipembenene zvinoshanda zvine huwandu hunobudirira hwebhakitiriya ≥10 bhiriyoni / g inofanira kuwedzerwa.Kana nhamba yebhakitiriya inorarama inorarama i1 bhiriyoni / g, inopfuura 20 kg ichada kuwedzerwa, nezvimwe zvakadaro.Nyika dzakasiyana dzinofanira kuwedzera zvine mutsindo mune dzakasiyana maitiro.
3. Kuwedzera nzira: Wedzera bhakitiriya rinoshanda (upfu) kune yakaviriswa organic zvinhu zvinoenderana nenzira inokurudzirwa mubhuku rekushanda, kurunga zvakaenzanirana uye pasuru.
4. Chengetedzo: (1) Usaomeswa pakupisa kwakanyanya kupfuura 100 ℃, zvikasadaro inouraya mabhakitiriya anoshanda.Kana zvakakosha kuoma, inofanira kuwedzerwa mushure mekuoma.(2) Nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, zviri mukati mebhakitiriya mune biological organic fetiraiza inogadzirwa neyakajairwa yekuverenga nzira kazhinji haisi kusvika kune yakakodzera data, saka mugadziriro yekugadzirira, ma microorganisms anoshanda anowanzo kuwedzerwa kupfuura 10% yakakwirira kupfuura data rakakodzera. .
2) kuchembera kwechipiri uye kuwedzera tsika nzira
Kuenzaniswa nenzira yakananga yekuwedzera, nzira iyi ine mukana wekuchengetedza mutengo webhakitiriya.Izvo zvakaderera ndezvekuti zviedzo zvinodikanwa kuona huwandu hwehutachiona hwekuwedzera, uku uchiwedzera imwe nzira.Zvinowanzokurudzirwa kuti mari yekuwedzera ive 20% kana yepamusoro yenzira yekuwedzera yakananga, uye isvike kune yenyika biological organic fetireza mwero kuburikidza neyechipiri yekuchembera nzira.Matanho ekushanda ndeaya:
1. Sarudza chaiyo microbial mabhakitiriya (upfu) : inogona kuva imwe kana maviri marudzi, kunyanya kwete anopfuura matatu marudzi, nokuti mabhakitiriya akawanda anosarudza, kukwikwidzana kwezvokudya pakati peumwe neumwe, zvakananga kutungamirira kumigumisiro yebhakitiriya yakasiyana-siyana.
2. Kuverenga kwehuwandu hwekuwedzera: maererano nechiyero chebio-organic fertilizer muChina, nhamba inoshanda yebhakitiriya inorarama yebio-organic fertilizer inofanira kusvika 0.2 mamiriyoni / g.Mune imwe tani yezvinhu zvehupenyu, nhamba inoshanda yebhakitiriya inorarama ≥10 bhiriyoni / g yeakananga inoshanda microbial (upfu) inofanira kuwedzerwa kanenge 0.4 kg.Kana nhamba yebhakitiriya inorarama inorarama i1 bhiriyoni / g, inopfuura 4 kg ichada kuwedzerwa, nezvimwe zvakadaro.Nyika dzakasiyana dzinofanirwa kutevedzera zviyero zvakasiyana zvekuwedzera zvine musoro.
3. Kuwedzera nzira: iyo inoshanda yebhakitiriya (hupfu) uye gorosi bran, mupunga husk poda, bran kana imwe yadzo yekusanganisa, wedzera zvakananga kune yakaviriswa organic zvinhu, kusanganisa zvakaenzana, akaturikidzana kwemazuva 3-5 kuita chaiyo. inoshanda mabhakitiriya kuzviparira.
4. Hunyoro uye tembiricha kutonga: panguva stacking kuvirisa, mwando uye tembiricha zvinofanira kudzorwa maererano biological unhu hwebasa bhakitiriya.Kana tembiricha yakanyanyisa, iyo stacking urefu inofanira kuderedzwa.
5. Yakananga inoshanda mabhakitiriya kutariswa kwemukati: mushure mekupera kwekurongedza, sampling uye kutumira kune iyo institution ine microbial yekuona kugona kwekutanga kuyedza kana izvo zvemukati ma microorganisms zvinogona kusangana nechiyero, kana zvichikwanisika, unogona kugadzira biological organic fetireza. nenzira iyi.Kana izvi zvikasaitika, wedzera huwandu hwekuwedzera hweanoshanda mabhakitiriya kusvika ku40% yenzira yakananga yekuwedzera uye dzokorora kuedza kusvika kubudirira.
6. Chengetedzo: Usaomeswa pakupisa kwepamusoro pamusoro pe100 ℃, zvikasadaro ichauraya mabhakitiriya anoshanda.Kana zvakakosha kuoma, inofanira kuwedzerwa mushure mekuoma.
Mukugadzira bio-organic fetiraiza mushure mekuvirisa, inowanzova zvinhu zvehupfu, izvo zvinowanzobhururuka nemhepo mumwaka wakaoma, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwezvinhu uye kusvibiswa kweguruva.Nokudaro, kuitira kuderedza guruva uye kudzivirira kukanda, granulation process inowanzoshandiswa.Iwe unogona kushandisa inobvongodza zino granulator pamufananidzo uri pamusoro kuitira granulation, inogona kuiswa kune humic acid, kabhoni dema, kaolin uye zvimwe zvakaoma kugranulate mbishi.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-18-2021