Organic fetiraiza kunyanya kuuraya tupukanana zvinokuvadza zvakadai chirimwa pathogenic mabhakitiriya, zvipembenene mazai, sora mhodzi, etc. ari kudziya danho uye yakakwirira tembiricha padanho composting.Zvisinei, basa guru rema microorganisms mune iyi nzira ndeye metabolism uye kubereka, uye zvishoma chete zvinogadzirwa.Metabolites, uye aya metabolites haana kugadzikana uye haasi nyore kutorwa nezvirimwa.Munguva yekutonhora kwekupedzisira, ma microorganisms anonyorovesa organic zvinhu uye kuburitsa huwandu hukuru hwemetabolites anobatsira mukukura kwekudyara uye kutora.Iyi nzira inotora mazuva 45-60.
Iyo compost mushure mekuita uku inogona kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvitatu:
Poshi.Hazvikuvadzi, izvo zvipenyu kana kemikari zvinokuvadza zvinhu mumarara inobatwa nenzira isina njodzi kana yakachengeteka;
Chechipiri, ndiyo humusification.Maitiro ekuita humusification yevhu organic matter ndeyekuora.Izvo zviri nyore kuora zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa pasi pechiito chezvipembenene zvinogadzira nyowani organic compounds-humus.Iyi ndiyo nzira yekunyorovesa, chimiro chekuunganidza chikafu;
Chechitatu, ndiko kugadzirwa kwe microbial metabolites.Munguva yemetabolism ye microorganisms, zvakasiyana-siyana zvemetabolites, zvakadai seamino acids, nucleotides, polysaccharides, lipids, mavitamini, antibiotics, uye mapuroteni zvinhu, zvinogadzirwa.
Iyo yekuvirisa maitiro eiyo organic compost inzira yemetabolism uye kuberekana kweakasiyana tupukanana.Iyo metabolic process ye microorganisms inzira yekuparara kwe organic matter.Kuora kwe organic matter kunozoburitsa simba rekuwedzera tembiricha.Kufa, kutsiva uye shanduko yemhando yezvinhu zvakasiyana siyana zvipenyu uye ma microorganisms mukuita manyowa ese anoitwa panguva imwe chete.Zvingave kubva pakuona kwe thermodynamics, biology kana shanduko yezvinhu, iyo composting fermentation process haisi nguva pfupi yemazuva akati wandei kana gumi.Chii chinogona kuitwa nei composting ichiri kutora mazuva 45-60 kunyangwe tembiricha dzakasiyana, hunyoro, unyoro, tupukanana uye mamwe mamiriro akadzorwa zvakanaka.
Kazhinji, kuvirisa kwe organic fetireza compost idanho rekupisa → tembiricha yepamusoro → nhanho yekutonhora → kukura uye nhanho yekuchengetedza kupisa.
1. Fever stage
Muchikamu chekutanga chekugadzirwa kwecompost, hutachiona huri mucompost hunonyanya kutonhora hwepakati uye aerobic marudzi, uye anonyanya kuzivikanwa mabhakitiriya asiri-spore, mabhakitiriya espore uye molds.Dzinotanga kuvirisa kwecompost, dzoora zviri nyore kuwora pasi pemamiriro eaerobic uye dzinoburitsa kupisa kwakawanda, uye dzichiramba dzichiwedzera tembiricha yecompost kubva pa20°C kusvika 40°C, inodaidzwa kuti fever stage.
2. High tembiricha danho
Sezvo tembiricha inowedzera, thermophilic microorganisms zvishoma nezvishoma inotsiva mesophilic mhando uye inoita basa rinotungamira.Tembiricha inoramba ichikwira, kazhinji ichisvika pamusoro pe50°C mukati memazuva mashoma, ichipinda padanho repamusoro retembiricha.
Muchikamu chepamusoro chekushisa, thermoactinomycetes uye thermogenic fungi inova mhando huru.Dzinoodza zvakasimba organic matter mucompost, inounganidza kupisa, uye tembiricha yecompost inokwira kusvika 60-80°C.
3. Kutonhora danho
Kana tembiricha yakakwira inotora imwe nguva, yakawanda ye cellulose, hemicellulose, uye pectin zvinhu zvinenge zvaora, zvichisiya zvinhu zvakaoma kuparara uye ichangobva kuumbwa humus, basa rezvipembenene zvinopera, uye tembiricha zvishoma nezvishoma. madonhwe.Kana tembiricha yadzikira pasi pe 40°C, mesophilic microorganisms inova mhando huru zvakare.
4. Danho rekuora nekuchengetedza fetereza
Mushure mekunge manyowa aora, huwandu hunoderera, uye tembiricha yecompost inodonha kusvika pakakwirira zvishoma pane tembiricha.Panguva ino, compost inofanira kuumbwa kuti iite anaerobic state uye kuderedza mineralization yeorganic matter kuitira kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwefetereza.
Iyo mineralization yecompost organic matter inogona kupa zvirimwa nema microorganisms nekukurumidza-kuita kudya kunovaka muviri, kupa simba rezviitiko zve microbial, uye kugadzirira zvigadzirwa zvekutanga zvehumification yecompost organic matter.
Reference zviratidzo zve organic fermentation process:
1. Kusununguka
Iyo biological fermentation method inotanga kusunungurwa pazuva rechina rekuvirisa uye iri muchimiro chezvidimbu zvakatyoka.
2. Kunhuwa
Iyo bio-fermentation nzira yakatanga kuderedza kunhuhwirira kubva pazuva rechipiri, yakanyangarika pazuva rechina, yakanyangarika zvachose pazuva rechishanu, uye yakaburitsa kunhuhwirira kwevhu pazuva rechinomwe.
3. Tembiricha
Iyo biological fermentation nzira yakasvika padanho repamusoro tembiricha pazuva rechipiri, uye yakatanga kudzoka shure pazuva rechinomwe.Chengetedza tembiricha yakakwirira kwenguva yakareba, uye kuvirisa kuchave kwakaora zvachose.
4. PH kukosha
Iyo pH kukosha kweiyo biological fermentation nzira inosvika 6.5.
5. Hunyoro hwemukati
Hunyoro hwekutanga hwekuvirisa hunoita 55%, uye hunyoro hwebiological fermentation method hunogona kudzikiswa kusvika pa30%.
6. Ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N)
Pakutanga kwekuvirisa, zvinyorwa zveammonium nitrogen zvakawedzera nekukurumidza uye zvakasvika pahuwandu hwepamusoro pazuva rechina.Izvi zvakakonzerwa neammoniation uye mineralization ye organic nitrogen.Mushure meizvozvo, iyo ammonium nitrogen muorganic fetiraiza yakarasika uye yakashandurwa nekuda kwekushanduka.Inova nitrate nitrogen uye zvishoma nezvishoma inoderera.Kana ammonium nitrogen iri pasi pe400mg/kg, inosvika pakukura.Zviri mukati meammonium nitrogen mubiological fermentation method inogona kudzikiswa kusvika pa215mg/kg.
7. Carbon kune nitrogen ratio
Kana chiyero che C/NC/N checompost chasvika pasi pemakumi maviri, chinosvika pakukura indekisi.
Disclaimer: Chikamu che data mune ino chinyorwa ndeyekureva chete.
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Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-29-2021