Composting nzira

Kompositi inoshandura manyowa ehuku kuita fetiraiza yakanaka kwazvo

1. Mukugadzira manyowa, mupfudze wezvipfuyo, kuburikidza nekuita kwema microorganisms, unoshandura organic matter iyo yakaoma kushandiswa nemichero nemiriwo zvirimwa kuita zvinovaka muviri zviri nyore kutora nemichero nemiriwo zvirimwa.

2. Kupisa kwepamusoro kwe70 ° C kunogadzirwa panguva yekugadzira manyowa kunogona kuuraya utachiona huzhinji nemazai, kunyanya kuwana kusakuvadza.

Maitiro ekuvirisa manyowa anoodza zvizere tsvina, uye kuviriswa kwebio-organic raw materials kunoita basa rakakosha mukuita kwese kugadzirwa kwefetereza.Kuvirisa kwakakwana ndihwo hwaro hwekugadzirwa kwefotereza yemhando yepamusoro.Muchina wecompost unoona kuviriswa nekuumbwa kwefotereza, uye unokwanisa kuona kuwanda kwepamusoro uye kuvirisa, izvo zvinovandudza kukurumidza kwekuvirisa kweaerobic.

Mupfudze wehuku usina kuwora zvakakwana unogona kunzi fetireza ine njodzi.

Organic fetireza ine mabasa akawanda.Organic fetereza inogona kuvandudza nharaunda yevhu, kusimudzira kukura kwehutachiona hunobatsira, kuvandudza kunaka uye kunaka kwezvigadzirwa zvekurima, uye kukurudzira kukura kune hutano kwezvirimwa.

Mamiriro ekutonga kwekugadzirwa kwefetereza yeorganic ndiko kupindirana kwehunhu hwepanyama uye hwehupenyu panguva yekugadzira manyowa, uye mamiriro ekutonga anorongeka nekudyidzana.

- Kudzora hunyoro

Hunyoro chinhu chakakosha chinodiwa paorganic composting.Mukuita manyowa, hunyoro hwemacompost hunoita 40% kusvika 70%, izvo zvinoita kuti mupfudze ufambe zvakanaka.

- Kudzora tembiricha

Icho mhedzisiro ye microbial chiitiko, iyo inosarudza kupindirana kwezvinhu.

Kompositi chimwe chinhu mukudzora tembiricha.Composting inogona kudzora tembiricha yechinhu, kuwedzera evaporation, uye kumanikidza mweya kuburikidza nemurwi.

- C/N chiyero chekudzora

Kana chiyero cheC/N chakakodzera, composting inogona kuitwa zvakanaka.Kana chiyero cheC/N chakanyanya kukwira, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwenitrogen uye nharaunda yekukura kushoma, mwero wekuora kwemarara emuchadenga unononoka, izvo zvinozoita kuti mufudze nguva yekugadzira manyowa.Kana chiyero cheC/N chakanyanya kuderera, kabhoni inogona kushandiswa zvizere, uye yakawandisa nitrogen inorasika muchimiro cheammonia.Haisi kungokanganisa zvakatipoteredza, asiwo inoderedza kushanda kwenitrogen fertilizer.

- Ventilation uye oxygen kupa

Kugadzira manyowa chinhu chakakosha mukusakwana mweya uye oxygen.Basa rayo guru nderokupa iyo oksijeni inodiwa yekukura kwema microorganisms.The reaction tembiricha inogadziriswa nekudzora kufefetedza, uye tembiricha yakanyanya uye nguva yekuitika kwecompost inodzorwa.

- PH kutonga

PH kukosha inokanganisa maitiro ese ekugadzira manyowa.Kana mamiriro ekutonga ari akanaka, manyowa anogona kugadziriswa zvakanaka.Naizvozvo, yemhando yepamusoro organic fetereza inogona kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa seyakanakisa fetereza yezvirimwa.

Nzira dzekugadzira manyowa.

Itsika kuti vanhu vasiyanise pakati pe aerobic composting neanaerobic composting.Nzira yemazuva ano yekugadzira manyowa ndeye aerobic composting.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti aerobic composting ine zvakanakira tembiricha yakakwira, kunyatsoora matrix, kupfupika kwecomposting kutenderera, kunhuhwirira kwakaderera, uye kushandiswa kwakakura kwekurapa kwemuchina.Anaerobic composting ndiko kushandiswa kweanaerobic microorganisms kupedzisa kuparara kwekuita, mhepo inoparadzaniswa kubva kune compost, tembiricha yakaderera, maitiro acho ari nyore, chigadzirwa chine huwandu hwakawanda hwenitrogen, asi kutenderera kwecompost kwakarebesa. kunhuwa kwakasimba, uye chigadzirwa chine kusakwana kwekuora Kusvibiswa.

Imwe yakakamurwa zvichienderana nekuti oxygen inodiwa here, pane aerobic composting uye anaerobic composting;

Imwe inopatsanurwa nekupisa kwecompost, kusanganisira high-temperature compost uye medium-temperature compost;

Imwe inorongedzerwa zvichienderana nechiyero chemichina, kusanganisira yakavhurika-mhepo yakasikwa composting uye mechanized composting.

Zvinoenderana nekudiwa kweokisijeni yezvipembenene panguva yekugadzira manyowa, nzira yekugadzira manyowa inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: aerobic composting uye anaerobic composting.Kazhinji, aerobic composting compost ine tembiricha yepamusoro, kazhinji 55-60 ℃, uye muganho unogona kusvika 80-90 ℃.Saka aerobic composting inonziwo high-temperature composting;anaerobic composting inoumbwa neanaerobic microbial fermentation pasi peanaerobic mamiriro.

1. Nheyo ye aerobic composting.

①Aerobic composting inoitwa pasi pemamiriro eaerobic uchishandisa chiito che aerobic microorganisms.Mukugadzira manyowa, zvinhu zvinonyungudutswa mundove yezvipfuyo zvinotorwa zvakananga nema microorganisms kuburikidza nesero membranes ye microorganisms;iyo insoluble colloidal organic zvinhu zvinotanga adsorbed kunze kwehutachiona uye yakaora kuita soluble zvinhu nemaextracellular enzymes anoburitswa nema microorganisms, obva apinda mumaseru..

Aerobic composting inogona kukamurwa kuita nhanho nhatu.

Yepakati tembiricha nhanho.Iyo mesophilic nhanho inodaidzwa zvakare nhanho yekugadzira kupisa, iyo inoreva nhanho yekutanga yekugadzira manyowa.Iyo mirwi layer ndeye mesophilic pa15-45 ° C.Mesophilic microorganisms anonyanya kushanda uye anoshandisa iyo inonyungudika organic zvinhu mucompost kuita mabasa ehupenyu ane simba.Aya ma-mesophilic microorganisms anosanganisira fungi, mabhakitiriya uye actinomycetes, kunyanya kubva pashuga uye starches.

②Kupisa kwepamusoro.Kana tembiricha yakakwira pamusoro pe45 ℃, ichapinda munhanho yekupisa yepamusoro.Panguva ino, mesophilic microorganisms inorambidzwa kana kufa, uye inotsiviwa ne thermophilic microorganisms.Iyo yakasara uye ichangobva kuumbwa yakanyungudutswa organic zvinhu mucompost inoramba iine oxidized uye yakaora, uye yakaoma organic zvinhu mucompost, senge hemicellulose, cellulose uye mapuroteni, zvakare yakaora zvakanyanya.

③Kutonhodza nhanho.Padanho rekupedzisira rekuvirisa, chete mamwe ezvakanyanya kuoma-ku-kuora organic matter uye ichangobva kuumbwa humus inosara.Panguva ino, basa rema microorganisms rinoderera, calorific value inoderera, uye kutonhora kunoderera.Mesophilic microorganisms inotonga zvakare, uye inowedzera kuora iyo yakasara organic matter iyo yakanyanya kuoma kuora.Iyo humus inoramba ichiwedzera uye ichidzikama, uye manyowa anopinda muchikamu chekukura, uye kudiwa kweokisijeni kunoderedzwa zvakanyanya., Hunyoro hwehunyoro hunoderedzwawo, porosity ye compost inowedzera, uye simba rekupararira kweokisijeni rinowedzerwa.Panguva ino, kufefetedza kwepanyama chete kunodiwa.

2. Nheyo yeanaerobic composting.

Anaerobic composting iko kushandiswa kweanaerobic microorganisms kuita spoilage kuvirisa uye kuora pasi peanoxic mamiriro.Mukuwedzera kune carbon dioxide nemvura, zvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira zvinosanganisira ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane uye mamwe organic acids, kusanganisira ammonia, hydrogen sulfide nezvimwe zvinhu. mwedzi kuti iparare zvizere.Mupfudze wepapurazi wechinyakare ndeyeanaerobic composting.

Iyo anaerobic composting process inonyanya kukamurwa kuita nhanho mbiri:

Danho rekutanga ndiro danho rekugadzira asidhi.Mabhakitiriya anogadzira Acid anoshatisa hombe-morekuru organic zvinhu kuita diki-morekuru organic acids, acetic acid, propanol nezvimwe zvinhu.

Nhanho yechipiri idanho rekugadzira methane.Methanogens inoramba ichiora organic acids kuita methane gasi.

Iko hakuna oxygen yekutora chikamu mune anaerobic process, uye iyo acidification process inoburitsa simba shoma.Simba rakawanda rinochengetwa muorganic acid mamorekuru uye rinoburitswa muchimiro chemethane gasi pasi pechiito chemethane bacteria.Anaerobic composting inoratidzwa nematanho akawanda ekuita, kunonoka kumhanya uye nguva refu.

Kuti uwane mamwe akadzama mhinduro kana zvigadzirwa, ndapota teerera kune yedu yepamutemo webhusaiti:

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